PHYSICS 262

Physics 262

Selected Demonstrations arranged by chapter in Tipler: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Third Edition

(September 1995)

Chapter 11: Mechanics of Solids and Fluids

F2-03 CARTESIAN DIVER - EXPLICIT VERSION
See water level rise inside diver, making it heavier.
F4-61 HERO'S FOUNTAIN
Challenge students with apparent paradox.
F1-01 FLUID PRESSURE VS. DEPTH
F1-04 EQUILIBRIUM TUBES
Show pressure is linear function of depth.
F1-11 HYDRAULIC PRESS
Break a 2x4 wooden board with pressure from one hand.
F2-01 ARCHIMEDES' PRINCIPLE
Quantitative demo of weight loss of submerged object.
F2-05 BUOYANCY - BOAT AND ROCK
F2-21 REACTION TO BUOYANT FORCE
Get students involved by asking them to predict results.
F3-05 SURFACE TENSION - THREAD IN FRAME
Illustrates surface tension in water - dramatically.
F3-04 SURFACE TENSION - THREAD ON WATER
Shows how detergent reduces the surface tension of water.
F3-11 SURFACE TENSION - CAPILLARY TUBES
Shows capillary action of water in capillary tubes of various sizes.
F5-06 BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE - BEACH BALL
F5-07 BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE - SPOOL AND CARDBOARD
Qualitative but surprising demonstrations
F5-21 VENTURI TUBES WITH MANOMETERS
Clearly shows venturi effect.
F5-32 CURVE BALL
Illustrates how a baseball pitcher uses Magnus effect.

Chapter 12: Oscillations

G1-11 COMPARISON OF SHM AND UCM
G1-12 PENDULUM AND ROTATING BALL
Illustrate SHM as projection of Uniform Circular Motion
G1-01 EXAMPLES OF SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
G1-52 STRINGLESS PENDULUM
G1-42 LARGE TORSIONAL PENDULUM
Various quick, qualitative examples of SHM.
G2-02 FORCED HARMONIC MOTION WITH DAMPING - LARGE
Graphs driven and damped SHM, and resonance
G2-03 RESONANCE IN TORSIONAL PENDULUM - PROJECTION
"Pohl's machine" complete experimental treatment of driven and damped SHM.
VIDEO: TACOMA NARROWS BRIDGE COLLAPSE (Videodisk)
Wonderful film, including commentary by people involved.
H3-61 BEAKER BREAKER
Unforgettable; a MUST. Use strobe to view oscillation of rim of beaker on TV.

Chapter 13: Waves on a String

G3-01 SHIVE WAVE MACHINE - TRAVELING WAVES
Clear and slow traveling transverse waves.
G3-04 SHIVE WAVE MACHINE - STANDING WAVES
Nice standing waves: fixed/free and fixed/fixed ends.
G3-28 SUSPENDED SLINKY
Very nice longitudinal standing waves.
G3-51 ROPE WAVE GENERATOR - FREQUENCY VS WAVELENGTH
G3-52 ROPE WAVE GENERATOR - ROPE TENSION VS WAVELENGTH
Demonstrates Mersenne's laws for stretched strings.
LOOPS: SLINKY SPRING WAVES (set of six)
Show pulses, traveling waves, standing waves, and end conditions for both transverse and longitudinal cases.

Chapter 14: Sound

H1-01 BELL IN VACUUM
Classical experiment. Tell about impedance mismatch.
H1-21 SPEED OF SOUND - PHASE CHANGE
Measure speed of sound in air.
H1-23 SPEED OF SOUND IN ALUMINUM
Measure speed of sound in aluminum using standing waves in aluminum rod.
H2-21 AUDIBLE YOUNG'S EXPERIMENT - GROUP LISTENING
Let students actually hear interference.
H2-51 BEATS - OSCILLATORS, SPEAKERS, AND OSCILLOSCOPE
Shows two component waves and sum (either envelope or individual oscillations) while you listen.
H2-41 DOPPLER BALL
Quick, easy, and effective.
LOOPS: DOPPLER EFFECT
SOURCES MOVING AT SPEEDS BELOW AND ABOVE WAVE SPEED
Ripple tank illustration of Doppler effect and Mach cone.
H3-02 STANDING SOUND WAVES - REFLECTION
Nice illustration of standing sound waves and detection.
H3-23 RESONANCE TUBE - OSCILLATOR, PLUNGER AND MICROPHONE
Nice example of standing sound waves in closed tube.
H3-24 OPEN AND CLOSED PIPES
Show how closure of one end effects fundamental frequency.
H4-01 FOURIER SYNTHESIS
Synthesizes waves such as triangle, square, sawtooth, and pulse train using up to 12 harmonics, while you listen. Also can be used with two equal harmonics with variable phase to show interference.
G4-22 CHLADNI FIGURES - OSCILLATOR DRIVEN
Neat two-dimensional standing waves on aluminum plates.
H6-04 HELIUM VOICE
H6-05 SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE VOICE
Breath these gases to make your voice go up or down.

Chapter 15: Temperature

SLIDE: Compares four temperature scales.
I1-13 THERMAL EXPANSION - BIMETAL STRIP
Bends when heated like thermostat sensor.
I4-31 ICE BOMB
Freezing water cracks metal container with loud bang.
I1-11 THERMAL EXPANSION - BALL AND HOLE
Ask students if hole in metal sheet changes size when sheet is heated.
I3-52 CONSTANT VOLUME GAS THERMOMETER - ABSOLUTE ZERO
Determine temperature of absolute zero.
I3-41 BOYLE'S LAW - PROJECTION
I3-51 CHARLES' LAW - PROJECTION
Same apparatus used to study ideal gas.
I4-17 BALLOON ON LIQUID NITROGEN
Balloon shrinks due to temperature and phase change.
I6-01 GAS PRESSURE - MODEL
Greater molecular speeds create greater pressure.
I6-11 BROWNIAN MOTION WITH TV
Smoke particles can be viewed with microscope/TV setup.
LOOPS: THE MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION OF VELOCITIES
MAXWELLIAN SPEED DISTRIBUTION
Develop Maxwell/Boltzmann statistics using air table and animation. Clear and nice, difficult to do in class
I4-01 PVT PHASE DIAGRAMS FOR CO2 AND H2O
Large 3D surfaces for class use.
I6-03 EQUIPARTITION OF ENERGY
Comparison of how particles of various mass escape from gravitational field.
I6-21 GAS DIFFUSION - MODEL
Ping-pong ball gas diffuses through hole.

Chapter 16: Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics

I5-01 MECHANICAL EQUIVALENT OF HEAT - SHOT BAG
Measure temp rise of shot after beating it on floor.
I5-51 SPECIFIC HEAT - ALUMINUM AND COPPER
Greater specific heat raises temp of water bath more.
I2-21 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF METALS
Determine hierarchy of heat conduction in six metals.
I5-12 ADIABATIC EXPANSION OF AIR - FOG IN BOTTLE
I5-13 ADIABATIC EXPANSION OF AIR - COMPUTER GRAPH OF TEMP
Compress air in bottle; when stopper blows bottle fills with fog and its temperature drops.
I5-15 ADIABATIC EXPANSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
Create large fog or small smear of dry ice using carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.
SLIDE: HYDROGEN BOMB MUSHROOM CLOUD DUE TO ADIABATIC EXPANSION
Very interesting explanation.

Chapter 17: The Availability of Energy

I5-41 ENDOTHERMIC REACTION - ENTROPY
Nice demo to see physical meaning of entropy.
FILM: GASOLINE ENGINE - OTTO CYCLE (6 min)
Good graphics and clear explanation.

Chapter 18: The Electric Field I: Discrete Charge Distributions

J1-01 TRIBOELECTRICITY - CHARGING BY FRICTION
Charging by "friction" (contact) using tunneling.
J1-21 ELECTROSTATIC ATTRAC AND REPULS - CHARGED CYLINDERS
Large "pith balls" charged the same repel each other.
J1-12 INDUCTION - ELECTROSCOPE
J1-11 ELECTROPHORUS
J1-13 ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION
J1-41 CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
Classical electrostatics introductory demonstrations.
J4-11 POLAR AND NONPOLAR LIQUIDS
Polar liquids (H2O) are deflected by electric fields but non-polar liquids (CCl) are not.
J4-12 ELECTROSTATIC FORCE - MOVING LUMBER
Polarization of charge of water molecules in a wooden 2X4 allows 2X4 to be moved by nearby charged rod.

Chapter 19: The Electric Field II: Continuous Charge Distributions

J3-01 EXISTENCE OF ELECTRIC FIELDS
J3-03 ELECTRIC FIELD LINES
Show electric field lines for various conductor geometries.
J1-24 ELECTROSTATIC HAIR RAISING
Classic demonstration.
J2-15 ELECTROSTATIC SMOKE PRECIPITATOR
J3-02 ELECTRIC FIELD OF RING OF CHARGE - MODEL
Standard problem geometry.

Chapter 20: Electric Potential

J3-24 HOLLOW CONDUCTING SPHERE
J3-06 ELLIPSOIDAL CONDUCTOR
J3-22 FARADAY CAGE - ELECTROSCOPE
Classical electrostatics demonstrations.
J2-03 VAN DE GRAAFF GENERATOR WITH GROUND SPHERE
Enhance text material on how generator works.
J2-14 LIGHTNING ROD SIMULATOR
Shows how the lightning rod works by discharging nearby clouds before the lightning stroke can occur.

Chapter 21: Capacitance, Dielectrics and Electrostatic Energy

J4-01 PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR
J4-22 PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR WITH DIELECTRIC
Show Voltage vs. Separation, then discharge with match.
J4-23 POLARIZATION OF DIELECTRIC - DISSECTIBLE LEYDEN JAR
Illustrates that the energy stored in a capacitor resides as polarization within the dielectric.
J4-42 CAPACITORS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL

Chapter 22: Electric Current

K5-31 OHM'S LAW
K5-43 NON-OHMIC DEVICE - V VS. I

Chapter 23: Direct-Current Circuits

K6-51 KIRCHOFF'S LAWS
Circuit with two loops (Transparency available.).
K6-23 HOT DOG COOKER - 110VAC
Cook hot dog, calculate energy consumed, and compare with heat energy in hot dog.
K6-33 WHEATSTONE BRIDGE
K7-11 RC CIRCUIT - RC TIME CONSTANT - OSCILLOSCOPE
Trace V vs. t for capacitor charging and discharging with approximately 1 second time constant.
K7-43 RELAXATION OSCILLATOR - NEON LAMP
Capacitor charges through resistor such that when it reaches 90 V it discharges through neon bulb.
K7-41 RC CIRCUIT - DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION
Illustrates differentiation and integration circuits for sine, square, sawtooth and pulse train.

Chapter 24: The Magnetic Field

J5-01 MAGNETIC FIELD OF A BAR MAGNET
J5-16 MAGNETIC FIELD AROUND WIRE, LOOP, SOLENOID
J5-03 MAGNETIC FIELD OF A BAR MAGNET - 3D VERSION
Use iron filings to display magnetic fields.
K1-12 CATHODE-RAY TUBE - DEFLECTION BY MAGNET
K1-14 OSCILLOSCOPE CRT - DEFLECTION BY MAGNET
K1-15 OSCILLOSCOPE CRT - DEFLECTION BY ELECTRIC FIELD
Classical demonstrations.
K1-21 TORQUE ON CURRENT LOOP IN MAGNETIC FIELD

Chapter 25: Ampere's Law

J5-15 MAGNETIC FIELD OF RING OF CURRENT - MODEL
3D model aids visualization.
K1-01 FORCE BETWEEN CURRENT-CARRYING WIRES
K1-03 FORCE ON CURRENT IN MAGNETIC FIELD

For commnets or constructive criticism of this document please e-mail Dr. Richard Berg,rb22@umail.umd.edu, or send comments by phone or to the mailing address on the home page.

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