PHYSICS 263

Physics 263

Selected Demonstrations arranged by chapter in Tipler: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Third Edition

(September 1995)

Chapter 24: The Magnetic Field

J5-01 MAGNETIC FIELD OF A BAR MAGNET
J5-03 MAGNETIC FIELD OF A BAR MAGNET - 3D VERSION: 3D version using cylindrical magnet within liquid bath with suspended iron filings. Good close-up viewing.
K1-12 CATHODE-RAY TUBE - DEFLECTION BY MAGNET
K1-14 OSCILLOSCOPE CRT - DEFLECTION BY MAGNET
K1-15 OSCILLOSCOPE CRT - DEFLECTION BY ELECTRIC FIELD
K1-21 TORQUE ON CURRENT LOOP IN MAGNETIC FIELD

Chapter 25: Sources of Magnetic Field

J5-16 MAGNETIC FIELD OF WIRE, LOOP, SOLENOID
J5-15 MAGNETIC FIELD OF A RING OF CURRENT - MODEL: 3D model aids visualization of geometry.
K1-01 FORCE BETWEEN CURRENT-CARRYING WIRES
K1-03 FORCE ON CURRENT IN MAGNETIC FIELD

Chapter 26: Magnetic Induction

K2-02 INDUCTION IN A SINGLE WIRE: Move a wire through a magnetic field to deflect an ammeter
K2-01 EARTH INDUCTOR: Rotate a coil in the earth's field or thrust a small magnet through the coil to deflect an ammeter.
K2-04 FARADAY'S EXPERIMENT - EME SET - 20, 40, 80 TURN COILS: Thrust a magnet through coils of 20, 40, and 80 turns to obtain successively greater deflection of ammeter.
K2-44 EDDY CURRENT PENDULUM: Eddy currents generated in pendulum bob rapidly damp motion as bob moves through magnet. Better in liquid nitrogen.
K2-42 LENZ'S LAW - MAGNET IN TUBE: Amazing demo - really gets their attention. Magnet takes over 4 sec to fall 5 feet in tube due to eddy currents.
K2-61 THOMSON'S COIL: Shows Lenz's law by upward force on conducting ring around transformer core. Pickup coil immersed in water lights small bulb. Dramatic.
K2-03 FARADAY'S EXPERIMENT ON INDUCTION: Current turned on and off in primary creates current spikes in secondary which increase in amplitude when magnetic core is inserted.
K1-41 BARLOW'S DISC: Generate motional EMF by moving conduction electrons in a copper disk through a magnetic field.
K2-62 CAN SMASHER - ELECTROMAGNETIC: Unforgettable demo. Uses theta pinch effect by discharge of large capacitor to cut a can into two parts.
K2-12 SELF-INDUCTION - DEMOUNTABLE TRANSFORMER: Energy stored in an inductor lights a parallel neon bulb when the power switch is disconnected.
K2-27 MUTUAL INDUCTION - M12=M21 MEASUREMENT: A given primary current creates the same secondary voltage when coils are reversed.
K7-02 RL CIRCUIT - L/R TIME CONSTANT: Voltage across resistor is shown on scope as voltage source is connected and disconnected from series RL circuit.
K4-01 AC/DC GENERATOR: Nice demonstration of AC and DC generator with all parts visible.

Chapter 27: Magnetism in Matter

J7-13 CURIE POINT OF NICKEL: A Canadian nickel (made from the ferromagnetic element nickel) is raised above its Curie point using a torch and loses its magnetic property.
J7-14 CURIE POINT OF DYSPROSIUM: A sample of dysprosium, not normally thought of as magnetic, becomes magnetic when cooled to the temperature of liquid nitrogen.
J7-22 MAGNETIC DOMAINS WITH TV: Magnetic domains and magnetic bubbles in ferrimagnetic garnet are viewed with polarized light by microscope/TV.
J7-23 MAGNETIC DOMAINS - MODEL: Array of small magnets in field of large Helmholtz coils forms model of magnetic domains.
J7-24 BARKHAUSEN EFFECT: Domains flipping in magnetic wire induce voltage pulses in a coil which are observed using a loudspeaker.
J7-21 HYSTERESIS: Demonstrates hysteresis loop.
J7-11 PARAMAGNETISM AND DIAMAGNETISM: A small sample of copper sulphate is mildly attracted to a magnet and a small bismuth sample is mildly repelled.
FILM LOOP: PARAMAGNETISM OF LIQUID OXYGEN (J7): Liquid nitrogen (no effect) and liquid oxygen (sticks to magnetic poles) are poured onto magnet poles.

Chapter 28: Alternating-Current Circuits

K7-21 RLC CIRCUIT - 10 KHZ - RESONANCE
K7-22 RLC CIRCUIT - 10 KHZ - DAMPED OSCILLATIONS: Using the same circuit, RLC resonance, damping, and phase shift at resonance can be seen on an oscilloscope.
K7-61 TESLA COIL: Examples for RLC circuit resonance and hot plasma. This gets their attention! Show phony slide of Tesla sitting under huge sparking Tesla coil.
K7-46 PHASOR DISC: Model for phasors.
K3-04 DEMOUNTABLE TRANSFORMER - V VS N - OSCILLOSCOPE: 60 Hz transformer with secondary winding of 1, 2,...10 turns shows V U ratio quantitatively.

Chapter 29: Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Waves

K2-63 DISPLACEMENT CURRENT MODEL: Perhaps controversial, but interesting.
K8-41 HERTZIAN DIPOLES: Example of antenna pattern and RLC circuit.
K8-11 RADIOWAVES - STANDING WAVES: Several demos, including K8-12-K8-14 and others, showing antenna patterns, polarization of waves, standing waves, and other phenomena.
K8-01 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE - MODEL
I2-01 CROOKES' RADIOMETER: Illustrates energy stored in light wave, tricks you into incorrect argument regarding momentum of absorbed photons.
FILM LOOPS: COMPUTER ANIMATED ELECTROMAGNETISM set: Four loops, a few minutes each, which start with the field of an accelerating charge to develop the dipole antenna radiation pattern.
N1-01 PRISMATIC SPECTRUM OF WHITE LIGHT - POINT SOURCE: Observe light along with IR and UV radiation from an arc lamp.

Chapter 30: Light

G4-02 RIPPLE TANK: Show Huygens' principle and diffraction.
L4-01 OPTICAL BOARD - RECTANGULAR SLAB: Shows both reflection and refraction at flat surface.
L5-01 OPTICAL BOARD - TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION: Illustrates Snell's law and total internal reflection.
L5-11 LASER WATERFALL: Laser beam is confined in water jet. A great gag is to put red dye in water so "some of the laser light" stays in water.
L5-24 FIBER OPTICS COMMUNICATION LINE: Use U of MD fiber optics cable to transmit laser light!
L5-21 FIBER OPTICS ARRAY: Fiber optics array allows transmission of printed words.
M7-03 POLAROIDS AND GOOSENECK LAMP: Rotate polaroids in front of light to see how they work.
M7-04 MALUS' LAW: Quantitative measurement of intensity vs analyzer angle.
M7-01 MICROWAVES - POLARIZATION: Illustrate book discussion and show how polaroid really works.
M9-03 CIRCULAR POLARIZATION - STICK MODEL: Large wooden stick models of waves
M7-11 OPTICAL BOARD - BREWSTER'S ANGLE: Shows polarization of reflected light at Brewster's angle.

Chapter 34: Relativity

Movie: TIME DILATION - AN EXPERIMENT WITH MU MESONS: Classical experiment described in some detail; old but good if you have 36 minute to spare.
FILM LOOPS: Several film loops are available to illustrate various aspects of relativity theory.

Chapter 35: The origin of Quantum Theory

P2-02 PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT IN ZINC - ARC LAMP: Negative charge ejected from zinc surface by UV.
P2-01 PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT AND PLANCK'S CONSTANT: Demonstrate effect of color and intensity on photocurrent and determine value of Planck's constant.
P2-21 BLACK BODY MODEL: Illustrates that a hole is the darkest entity.
I2-04 WIEN'S LAW OF THERMAL RADIATION: Light of variable intensity viewed through red and blue filters.
P2-22 BICHSEL BOXES - BLACKBODY RADIATION: Shows radiation coming out of a hole in a box is a function of temperature only.

Chapter 36: Quantum Mechanics

P2-13 ELECTRON DIFFRACTION: Shows wave properties of electrons, verification of deBroglie relation \7l \1= h/p.
P2-14 ELECTRON DIFFRACTION MODEL: Laser diffraction pattern of rotating wire mesh illustrates how powdered crystal pattern develops.
Movie: MATTER WAVES: Excellent movie if you have 28 minutes to blow. Shows Germer with original experiment and nice comparison of neutron and gamma ray diffraction by crystals.
P2-11 INTERFERENCE OF PHOTONS: Two-slit pattern obtained from individual photons.
VIDEODISC: INTERFERENCE OF PHOTONS: Nice experiment with good discussion, same as P2-11.

Chapter 37: Atoms

Slides: ELECTRON DISTRIBUTION IN THE HYDROGEN ATOM: Shows distribution for various quantum states.
Movie: INTRODUCTION TO LASERS: Nice movie and good break if you have 17 minutes.
N2-02 DIFFRACTION SPECTRA - THREE SOURCES - EXPENDABLE GRATINGS: Students view white light, mercury and cadmium spectra individually, and may keep grating as a momento of their physics experience.
N2-03 DIFFRACTION SPECTRUM OF SODIUM - EXPENDABLE GRATINGS: Use expendable gratings to show both emission and absorption spectra; analog to discovery of helium on sun.

Chapter 38: Molecules

Chapter 39: Solids

I7-31 FILLED CONDUCTION BANDS: Bottles of water illustrate conduction bands.
K5-41 V-I CURVES FOR OHMIC AND NON-OHMIC DEVICES: Contrasts resistor and diode characteristics.
I7-21 SUPERCONDUCTIVITY - MAGNET LEVITATION

Chapter 40: Nuclei

P4-01 GEIGER COUNTER: Show properties of alpha, beta, and gamma rays.
P4-62 CHAIN REACTION MODEL - MOUSE TRAPS: Uses ping-pong balls; they will remember this one.

Chapter 41: Elementary Particles

P4-04 COSMIC RAYS

Chapter 42: Astrophysics and Cosmology

Even in the unlikely event yhat you get this far, we don't have any demonstrations for this stuff.

For comments or constructive criticism of this document please e-mail Dr. Richard Berg,rb22@umail.umd.edu, or send comments by phone or to the mailing address on the home page.

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