PIRA 1000
ITEM SCHEME_2_0 SOURCE DEMO ABSTRACT
1000 C MECHANICS
1A00.00 C MEASUREMENT
1A10.00 C Basic Units
PIRA 1000 1A10.10 P basic unit set
PIRA 200 1A10.20 P standards of mass "Show students 1 lb, 1 kg, 1 slug masses."
PIRA 500 1A10.30 P standards of length
PIRA 200 1A10.35 P meter stick Set out a standard meter.
PIRA 1000 1A10.36 P """1 nsec"""
PIRA 1000 1A10.38 P body units
PIRA 500 1A10.40 P clocks
PIRA 1000 1A10.45 P WWV signal
PIRA 1000 1A10.50 P one liter cube
PIRA 1000 1A10.55 P "mass, volume, and density"
PIRA 1000 1A10.60 P Avogadro's number box
PIRA 1000 1A10.65 P mole samples
PIRA 1000 1A10.70 P density samples
1A20.00 C Error and Accuracy
PIRA 1000 1A20.10 P Gaussian collision board
PIRA 1000 1A20.20 P coin flip
PIRA 1000 1A20.25 P dice
PIRA 1000 1A20.50 P weight judgment
PIRA 1000 1A20.60 P reaction time
1A30.00 C Coordinate Systems
PIRA 500 1A30.10 P XYZ Axes
PIRA 1000 1A30.30 P polar coordinates
PIRA 500 1A30.40 P chalkboard globe
PIRA 1000 1A30.41 P blackboard hemisphere
1A40.00 C Vectors
PIRA 200 1A40.10 P components of a vector Arrows define a three dimensional coordinate system. An arbitrary vector is viewed in the three planes.
PIRA 1000 1A40.14 P vector components animation
PIRA 1000 1A40.20 P folding rule
PIRA 1000 1A40.25 P tinker toys
PIRA 1000 1A40.30 P magnetic vector addition
PIRA 1000 1A40.31 P vector addition (parallelogram)
PIRA 1000 1A40.33 P vector addition (head to tail)
PIRA 1000 1A40.35 P Vernier Vector Addition II
PIRA 1000 1A40.40 P resultant of vectors
PIRA 1000 1A40.70 P vector dot products
PIRA 1000 1A40.75 P vector cross products
1A50.00 C Math Topics
PIRA 200 1A50.10 P radian disc A flexible strip of plastic equal to the radius is bent around the edge of a circle.
1A60.00 C Scalling
PIRA 200 1A60.10 P Powers of Ten """Powers of Ten"" is a film covering scales from the universe to sub-atomic."
PIRA 1000 1A60.20 P scaling model for biological systems
PIRA 1000 1A60.30 P 2:1 scaling
PIRA 1000 1A60.40 P scaling cube
1C00.00 C MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION
1C10.00 C Velocity
PIRA 200 1C10.10 P bulldozer on moving sheet/2D A bulldozer runs at constant speed on a moving paper to show how velocities add and subtract.
PIRA 1000 1C10.20 P PASCO dynamics cart
PIRA 500 1C10.25 P air track and glider
PIRA 1000 1C10.27 P velocity -air track and glider
PIRA 1000 1C10.30 P approaching instantaneous velocity
PIRA 1000 1C10.60 P muzzle velocity
PIRA 1000 1C10.65 P muzzle velocity - disc
1C20.00 C Uniform Acceleration
PIRA 200 1C20.10 P penny and feather "Drop a penny and feather in a glass tube, first full of air and then evacuated."
PIRA 1000 1C20.12 P hammer and feather on Moom
PIRA 1000 1C20.15 P drop lead and cork balls
PIRA 1000 1C20.16 P drop ball and paper
PIRA 500 1C20.20 P equal time equal distance drop
PIRA 500 1C20.30 P inclined air track
PIRA 500 1C20.40 P blinky track
PIRA 1000 1C20.41 P blinky track with graphs
1C30.00 C Measuring g
PIRA 200 1C30.10 P free fall timer "A ball is timed as it drops .5m, 1m, 1.5m, or 2m."
PIRA 1000 1C30.15 P little big ball dropper
PIRA 1000 1C30.20 P big big ball dropper
PIRA 1000 1C30.40 P falling drops
PIRA 1000 1C30.55 P catch a meter stick
1D00.00 C MOTION IN TWO DIMENSIONS
1D10.00 C Displacement in Two Dimensions
PIRA 1000 1D10.10 P ball in a tube
PIRA 1000 1D10.20 P cycloid generator
PIRA 1000 1D10.40 P mounted wheel
PIRA 1000 1D10.50 P ball on the edge of a disc
1D15.00 C "Velocity, Position, and Acceler"
PIRA 200 1D15.10 P ultrasonic detector and students "Have a student walk to and from a sonic ranger while observing plots of position, velocity, and acc."
PIRA 1000 1D15.12 P Hobbie film loop - AAPT
PIRA 1000 1D15.15 P kick a moving ball
PIRA 500 1D15.20 P high road low road
PIRA 1000 1D15.30 P catching the train
PIRA 1000 1D15.35 P passing the train
PIRA 1000 1D15.40 P Galileo's circle
PIRA 1000 1D15.41 P sliding weights on triangle
PIRA 1000 1D15.50 P brachistochrone
PIRA 1000 1D15.55 P triple track
1D40.00 C Motion of the Center of Mass
PIRA 200 1D40.10 P throw objects A light disc contains a heavy slug that can be shifted from the center to side. Mark the center of mass.
PIRA 1000 1D40.15 P loaded bolas
PIRA 500 1D40.20 P spinning block
PIRA 1000 1D40.22 P air table center of mass
PIRA 1000 1D40.35 P earth moon system
PIRA 1000 1D40.50 P air track pendulum glider
PIRA 1000 1D40.55 P air track inchworm
1D50.00 C Central Forces
PIRA 200 1D50.10 P ball on a string Tie a lightweight ball to a sting and twirl around in a vertical circle.
PIRA 1000 1D50.15 P arrow on a disc
PIRA 1000 1D50.20 P whirligig
PIRA 500 1D50.25 P conical pendulum
PIRA 1000 1D50.26 P plane on a string
PIRA 1000 1D50.30 P carnival ride model
PIRA 200 1D50.40 P pail of water Swing a bucket of water in a verticle circle over your head.
PIRA 1000 1D50.45 P penny on a coat hanger
PIRA 1000 1D50.48 P balls on a propeller
PIRA 1000 1D50.50 P Welch centripetal force
PIRA 1000 1D50.60 P banked track
PIRA 1000 1D50.70 P rolling chain
1D52.00 C Deformation by Central Forces
PIRA 500 1D52.10 P flattening earth
PIRA 1000 1D52.20 P water parabola
PIRA 1000 1D52.21 P rotating water troughs
PIRA 1000 1D52.30 P balls in water centrifuge
PIRA 1000 1D52.35 P water and mercury centrifuge
PIRA 1000 1D52.40 P rotating candle
PIRA 1000 1D52.50 P paper saw
PIRA 1000 1D52.61 P rotating rubber wheel
1D55.00 C Centrifugal Escape
PIRA 500 1D55.10 P broken ring
PIRA 1000 1D55.11 P the big omega
PIRA 500 1D55.15 P release ball on a string
PIRA 1000 1D55.20 P grinding wheel
PIRA 1000 1D55.23 P spinning disc with water
PIRA 1000 1D55.30 P falling off the merry-go-round
1D60.00 C Projectile Motion
PIRA 1000 1D60.05 P ball to throw
PIRA 200 1D60.10 P howitzer and tunnel A ball fired vertically from cart moving horizontally falls back into the muzzle.
PIRA 1000 1D60.15 P howitzer and tunnel on incline
PIRA 1000 1D60.16 P vertical gun on accelerated car
PIRA 200 1D60.20 P simultaneous fall Two balls simultaneously dropped and projected horizontally hit the floor together.
PIRA 200 1D60.30 P monkey and hunter "A gun shoots at a target, released when the gun is fired. The ball hits the target in midair."
PIRA 500 1D60.40 P range of a gun
PIRA 1000 1D60.50 P parabolic path through rings
PIRA 1000 1D60.55 P parabolic trajectory on incline
PIRA 1000 1D60.60 P parabolic trajectory
PIRA 1000 1D60.65 P water stream trajectory
1E00.00 C RELATIVE MOTION
1E10.00 C Moving Reference Frames
PIRA 500 1E10.10 P crossing the river
PIRA 500 1E10.20 P Frames of Reference film
1E20.00 C Rotating Reference Frames
PIRA 500 1E20.10 P Foucault pendulum
PIRA 1000 1E20.20 P Foucault pendulum model
PIRA 1000 1E20.30 P Foucault pendulum latitude model
PIRA 1000 1E20.50 P rotating room
1E30.00 C Coriolis Effect
PIRA 1000 1E30.10 P draw the coriolis curve - vertical
PIRA 1000 1E30.11 P draw the coriolis curve
PIRA 1000 1E30.13 P coriolis overhead transparency
PIRA 1000 1E30.20 P coriolis gun
PIRA 1000 1E30.28 P coriolis ball on turntable
PIRA 1000 1E30.50 P rotating TV camera
1F00.00 C NEWTON'S FIRST LAW
1F10.00 C Measuring Inertia
PIRA 1000 1F10.10 P inertia balance
PIRA 1000 1F10.11 P inertia balance - leaf spring
PIRA 1000 1F10.20 P inertia bongs
PIRA 1000 1F10.25 P foam rocks
1F20.00 C Inertia of Rest
PIRA 200 1F20.10 P inertia balls Break the string on the top or bottom of a suspended mass.
PIRA 1000 1F20.11 P bowling ball inertia balls
PIRA 1000 1F20.15 P inertia block
PIRA 1000 1F20.20 P smash your hand
PIRA 1000 1F20.22 P hit the nail on the head
PIRA 1000 1F20.25 P smash block on bed of nails
PIRA 500 1F20.30 P tablecloth pull
PIRA 1000 1F20.33 P inertia cylinder
PIRA 1000 1F20.34 P coin/card snap
PIRA 500 1F20.35 P eggs and pizza pan
PIRA 1000 1F20.36 P pin and embroidery hoop
PIRA 1000 1F20.40 P stick on wine glasses
PIRA 1000 1F20.50 P shifted air track inertia
1F30.00 C Inertia of Motion
PIRA 200 1F30.10 P persistence of motion (air track) A single cart on the air track.
PIRA 1000 1F30.21 P water hammer
PIRA 1000 1F30.30 P car on cart on cart
PIRA 1000 1F30.40 P nail by hand
PIRA 1000 1F30.50 P pencil and plywood
1G00.00 C NEWTON'S SECOND LAW
1G10.00 C "Force, Mass, and Acceleration"
PIRA 500 1G10.10 P "glider, mass, and pulley on air track"
PIRA 1000 1G10.11 P constant mass acceleration system
PIRA 1000 1G10.15 P roller cart and bunge loop
PIRA 1000 1G10.16 P Strang gage
PIRA 1000 1G10.20 P accelerated car
PIRA 1000 1G10.22 P accelerated instructor
PIRA 1000 1G10.25 P acceleration block
PIRA 1000 1G10.30 P mass on a scale
PIRA 200 1G10.40 P Atwood's machine Two equal masses are hung from a light pulley. A small percentage of one mass is moved to the other side.
1G20.00 C Accelerated Reference Frames
PIRA 1000 1G20.10 P candle in a bottle
PIRA 1000 1G20.20 P ball in a thrown tube
PIRA 1000 1G20.30 P leaky pail drop
PIRA 500 1G20.40 P cup and weights
PIRA 1000 1G20.45 P dropped slinky
PIRA 500 1G20.70 P local vertical with acceleration
PIRA 1000 1G20.76 P suspended ball accelerometers
PIRA 1000 1G20.80 P cart and elastic band
PIRA 1000 1G20.85 P acceleration pendulum cart
1G30.00 C Complex Systems
PIRA 1000 1G30.20 P "mass on spring, on balance"
PIRA 1000 1G30.30 P hourglass on a balance
1H00.00 C NEWTON'S THIRD LAW
1H10.00 C Action and Reaction
PIRA 200 1H10.10 P push me pull me carts Two people stand on roller carts and both pull on a rope or push with a long stick.
PIRA 1000 1H10.15 P reaction air gliders
PIRA 1000 1H10.20 P Newton's sailboat
PIRA 1000 1H10.25 P heilicopter rotor
1H11.00 C Recoil
PIRA 500 1H11.10 P floor cart and medicine ball
PIRA 1000 1H11.11 P stool on conveyor
PIRA 200 1H11.20 P tennis ball cannon A cannon on wheels shoots a tennis ball.
PIRA 1000 1H11.30 P liquid nitrogen cannon
1J00.00 C STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
1J10.00 C Finding Center of Gravity
PIRA 200 1J10.10 P map of state "Suspend a map of the state from holes drilled at large cities to find the ""center of the state""."
PIRA 1000 1J10.20 P loaded beam - moving scales
PIRA 500 1J10.25 P center of gravity of a broom
PIRA 1000 1J10.26 P balance beam and bat
PIRA 500 1J10.30 P meter stick on fingers
1J11.00 C Exceeding Center of Gravity
PIRA 500 1J11.10 P leaning tower of Pisa
PIRA 1000 1J11.11 P toppling cylinders
PIRA 1000 1J11.12 P irregular object center of mass
PIRA 1000 1J11.15 P tipping block on incline
PIRA 200 1J11.20 P leaning tower of Lire Stack blocks stairstep fashion until the top block sticks out beyond any part of the bottom block.
PIRA 1000 1J11.40 P male and female center of gravity
PIRA 1000 1J11.50 P double cone
1J20.00 C "Stable, Unstab., and Neut. Equi"
PIRA 500 1J20.10 P bowling ball stability
PIRA 1000 1J20.11 P balance the cone
PIRA 1000 1J20.12 P wood block stability
PIRA 1000 1J20.15 P block on the cylinder
PIRA 1000 1J20.17 P block on curved surfaces
PIRA 1000 1J20.20 P "fork, spoon, and match"
PIRA 1000 1J20.25 P nine nails on one
PIRA 500 1J20.30 P sky hook
PIRA 1000 1J20.32 P spoon on nose
PIRA 1000 1J20.35 P horse and rider
PIRA 500 1J20.45 P tightrope walking
PIRA 1000 1J20.46 P tightrope walking model
PIRA 1000 1J20.51 P chair on a pedestal
PIRA 1000 1J20.55 P broom stand
PIRA 500 1J20.60 P wine butler
1J30.00 C Resolution of Forces
PIRA 200 1J30.10 P suspended block Forces parallel and perpendicular to the plane will support the car midair when the plane is removed.
PIRA 1000 1J30.15 P normal force
PIRA 500 1J30.20 P tension in a string
PIRA 200 1J30.25 P rope and three students Two large strong students pull on the ends of a rope and a small student pushes down in the middle.
PIRA 1000 1J30.26 P rope and three weights
PIRA 1000 1J30.27 P deflect a rope
PIRA 1000 1J30.30 P break wire with hinge
PIRA 1000 1J30.40 P horizontal boom
PIRA 500 1J30.50 P blackboard force table
PIRA 1000 1J30.55 P human force table
PIRA 1000 1J30.60 P sail against the wind
PIRA 1000 1J30.70 P sand in a tube
PIRA 1000 1J30.75 P stand on an egg
1J40.00 C Static Torque
PIRA 200 1J40.10 P grip bar A thin rod mounted perpendicular to a broom handle holds a 1 Kg mass on a sliding collar.
PIRA 1000 1J40.15 P torque wrench
PIRA 1000 1J40.16 P different length wrenches
PIRA 200 1J40.20 P meter stick balance Hang weights from a beam that pivots in the center on a knife edge.
PIRA 1000 1J40.21 P hinge board
PIRA 1000 1J40.24 P walking the plank
PIRA 1000 1J40.25 P torque wheel
PIRA 1000 1J40.27 P torque double wheel
PIRA 1000 1J40.30 P opening a door
PIRA 1000 1J40.32 P opening a trapdoor
PIRA 500 1J40.40 P loaded beam
PIRA 1000 1J40.45 P Galileo lever
PIRA 500 1J40.50 P Roberval balance
PIRA 1000 1J40.60 P suspended ladder
PIRA 1000 1J40.65 P hanging gate
PIRA 1000 1J40.70 P crane boom
PIRA 1000 1J40.75 P arm model
1K00.00 C APPLICATIONS OF NEWTON'S LAWS
1K10.00 C Dynamic Torque
PIRA 500 1K10.10 P tipping block
PIRA 1000 1K10.11 P tipping blocks
PIRA 200 1K10.20 P ladder against a wall Set a model ladder against a box and move a weight up a rung at a time.
PIRA 1000 1K10.25 P forces on a ladder - full scale
PIRA 200 1K10.30 P walking the spool Pull at various angles on the cord wrapped around the hub of a spool to move the spool forward or back.
PIRA 1000 1K10.40 P pull the bike pedal
PIRA 1000 1K10.41 P traction force roller
PIRA 1000 1K10.42 P extended traction force
PIRA 1000 1K10.50 P rolling uphill
1K20.00 C Friction
PIRA 1000 1K20.05 P washboard friction model
PIRA 200 1K20.10 P friction blocks - surface material Pull a block with four different surfaces with a spring scale.
PIRA 500 1K20.15 P weight dependence of friction
PIRA 500 1K20.20 P area dependence of friction
PIRA 200 1K20.30 P static vs. sliding friction Use a spring scale and block to show that static friction is greater than sliding friction .
PIRA 500 1K20.35 P angle of repose
PIRA 500 1K20.40 P front and rear brakes
PIRA 1000 1K20.42 P friction roller
PIRA 1000 1K20.45 P frictional force rotator
PIRA 1000 1K20.70 P falling flask capstan
PIRA 1000 1K20.90 P air track friction
1K30.00 C Pressure
PIRA 200 1K30.10 P bed of nails "Lie down on a bed of 16d nails on 1"" centers."
PIRA 1000 1K30.20 P pop the balloons
1L00.00 C GRAVITY
1L10.00 C Univ. Gravitational Constant
PIRA 200 1L10.10 P Cavendish balance film loop Time lapse of the Cavendish experiment.
PIRA 1000 1L10.20 P Cavendish balance model
PIRA 500 1L10.30 P Cavendish balance
PIRA 1000 1L10.50 P gravitational field model
1L20.00 C Orbits
PIRA 1000 1L20.10 P gravitational well - rubber diaphragm
PIRA 1000 1L20.36 P "film ""Motion of Attracting Bodies"""
PIRA 1000 1L20.40 P conic sections
PIRA 1000 1L20.50 P ellipse drawer
PIRA 1000 1L20.71 P "film ""Planetary Motion and Kepler's Laws"""
1M00.00 C WORK AND ENERGY
1M10.00 C Work
PIRA 1000 1M10.10 P shelf and block
PIRA 1000 1M10.15 P block on table
PIRA 1000 1M10.16 P carry a block
PIRA 200 1M10.20 P pile driver Drive a nail into a block of wood with a model pile driver.
PIRA 1000 1M10.25 P pile driver with pop cans
1M20.00 C Simple Machines
PIRA 1000 1M20.01 P simple machine collection
PIRA 500 1M20.10 P pulleys
PIRA 1000 1M20.11 P pulley advantage
PIRA 1000 1M20.15 P pulley and scales
PIRA 500 1M20.20 P bosun's chair
PIRA 1000 1M20.25 P monkey and bananas
PIRA 500 1M20.30 P incline plane
PIRA 1000 1M20.35 P big screw as incline plane
PIRA 1000 1M20.40 P levers
PIRA 1000 1M20.45 P body levers
1M30.00 C Non-Conservative Forces
PIRA 1000 1M30.10 P air track collision/sliding mass
1M40.00 C Conservation of Energy
PIRA 200 1M40.10 P nose basher A bowling ball pendulum is held against the nose and allowed to swing out and back.
PIRA 200 1M40.15 P stopped pendulum A pendulum started at the height of a reference line reaches the same height when a stop is inserted.
PIRA 200 1M40.20 P loop the loop A ball rools down an incline and then around a vertical circle.
PIRA 1000 1M40.23 P reverse loop the loop
PIRA 1000 1M40.25 P energy well track
PIRA 1000 1M40.30 P ball in a trough
PIRA 1000 1M40.33 P triple track
PIRA 1000 1M40.35 P roller coaster
PIRA 500 1M40.40 P ballistic pendulum with .22
PIRA 1000 1M40.41 P Beck ballistic pendulum
PIRA 500 1M40.50 P big yo-yo
PIRA 500 1M40.60 P height of a ball
PIRA 1000 1M40.61 P 1-D trampoline
PIRA 1000 1M40.63 P x-squared spring energy dependence
PIRA 1000 1M40.64 P spring ping pong gun
PIRA 1000 1M40.65 P height of a spring launched ball
PIRA 1000 1M40.66 P mechanical jumping bean
PIRA 1000 1M40.67 P spring jumper
PIRA 1000 1M40.75 P obedient can
PIRA 1000 1M40.90 P rattleback
PIRA 1000 1M40.91 P high bounce paradox
1M50.00 C Mechanical Power
PIRA 1000 1M50.10 P Prony brake
1N00.00 C LINEAR MOMENTUM AND COLLISIONS
1N10.00 C Impulse and Thrust
PIRA 1000 1N10.10 P collision time pendula
PIRA 500 1N10.15 P silicone ball on blackboard
PIRA 200 1N10.20 P egg in sheet Throw an egg into a sheet held by two students.
PIRA 500 1N10.25 P drop egg in water
PIRA 500 1N10.30 P pile driver with foam rubber
PIRA 1000 1N10.35 P car crashes
PIRA 1000 1N10.40 P auto collision videodisc
PIRA 1000 1N10.70 P model rocket impulse
PIRA 1000 1N10.80 P fire extinguisher thrust
1N20.00 C Conservation of Linear Momentum
PIRA 500 1N20.10 P see-saw center of mass
PIRA 1000 1N20.15 P car on a rolling board
PIRA 200 1N20.20 P sprring apart air track gliders Burn a string holding a compressed spring between two air gliders.
PIRA 1000 1N20.25 P elastic band reaction carts
1N21.00 C Mass and Momentum Transfer
PIRA 500 1N21.10 P floor carts and medicine ball
PIRA 1000 1N21.20 P catapult from cart to cart
PIRA 1000 1N21.30 P ballistic air glider
PIRA 1000 1N21.40 P drop sandbag on cart
PIRA 1000 1N21.45 P vertical catapult from moving cart
1N22.00 C Rockets
PIRA 200 1N22.10 P fire extinguisher wagon Mount a fire extinguisher on a cart and take a ride.
PIRA 1000 1N22.15 P rocket lift-off video
PIRA 200 1N22.20 P water rocket "Pump a toy water rocket the same number of times, first with only air, and then with water."
PIRA 1000 1N22.25 P balloon rocket
PIRA 1000 1N22.30 P CO2 cartridge rocket
PIRA 1000 1N22.33 P rocket around the Moon
PIRA 1000 1N22.40 P ball bearing rocket cart
1N30.00 C Collisions in One Dimension
PIRA 200 1N30.10 P collision balls Two balls or many balls on bifilar suspension.
PIRA 1000 1N30.11 P bowling ball collision balls
PIRA 1000 1N30.20 P 3:1 collision balls
PIRA 500 1N30.25 P impedance match collision balls
PIRA 1000 1N30.30 P air track collision gliders
PIRA 1000 1N30.33 P equal and unequal mass air track collisions
PIRA 500 1N30.50 P bouncing dart
PIRA 1000 1N30.55 P elastic and inelastic model
PIRA 500 1N30.60 P double ball drop
PIRA 1000 1N30.65 P double air glider bounce
1N40.00 C Collisions in Two Dimensions
PIRA 1000 1N40.10 P shooting pool
PIRA 500 1N40.20 P air table collisions - equal mass
PIRA 1000 1N40.21 P air table collisions - unequal mass
PIRA 1000 1N40.22 P air table collisions - inelastic
1Q00.00 C ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS
1Q10.00 C Moment of Inertia
PIRA 200 1Q10.10 P inertia wands and two students "Students twirl equal mass wands, one with the mass at the ends and the other with the mass at the middle."
PIRA 1000 1Q10.20 P torsion pendulum inertia
PIRA 200 1Q10.30 P "ring, disc, and sphere" "A ring, disc, and sphere of the same diameter are rolled down an incline."
PIRA 1000 1Q10.31 P rolling bodies on incline
PIRA 500 1Q10.35 P all discs roll the same
PIRA 500 1Q10.40 P racing discs
PIRA 500 1Q10.50 P racing soups
PIRA 1000 1Q10.55 P weary roller
PIRA 1000 1Q10.70 P rigid and non-rigid rollers
1Q20.00 C Rotational Energy
PIRA 200 1Q20.10 P whirlybird (adj. ang. mom.) A weight on a string wrapped around a wheel drives a radial rod with adjustable weights.
PIRA 1000 1Q20.15 P flywheel and drum with wieght
PIRA 1000 1Q20.20 P angular acceleration wheel
PIRA 1000 1Q20.25 P accelerate light and heavy pulleys
PIRA 500 1Q20.30 P rolling spool
PIRA 1000 1Q20.35 P bike wheel on incline
PIRA 500 1Q20.50 P "faster than ""g"""
PIRA 1000 1Q20.51 P "bowling ball faster than ""g"""
PIRA 1000 1Q20.55 P pennies on a meter stick
PIRA 1000 1Q20.60 P falling meter sticks - scaling
1Q30.00 C Transfer of Angular Momentum
PIRA 200 1Q30.10 P passing the wheel Pass a bicycle wheel back and forth to a person on a rotating stool.
PIRA 1000 1Q30.15 P pass bags o' rice
PIRA 500 1Q30.20 P drop bags o' rice
PIRA 1000 1Q30.25 P satellite de rotator
PIRA 1000 1Q30.30 P catch the bag on the stool
1Q40.00 C Conservation of Angular Momentu
PIRA 200 1Q40.10 P rotating stool and weights Spin on a rotating stool with a dumbell in each hand.
PIRA 500 1Q40.15 P rotating stool and long bar
PIRA 500 1Q40.20 P squeezatron
PIRA 1000 1Q40.23 P centrifugal governor
PIRA 1000 1Q40.25 P pulling on the whirligig
PIRA 200 1Q40.30 P rotating stool and bicycle wheel Invert a spinning bike wheel while sitting on a rotating stool.
PIRA 1000 1Q40.40 P train on a circular track
PIRA 1000 1Q40.45 P wheel and brake
PIRA 1000 1Q40.50 P pocket watch
PIRA 1000 1Q40.60 P sewer pipe pull
PIRA 1000 1Q40.70 P marbles and funnel
PIRA 1000 1Q40.80 P Hero's engine
PIRA 1000 1Q40.82 P air rotator with deflectors
1Q50.00 C Gyros
PIRA 200 1Q50.10 P precessing disc Spin a cardboard disc on a pencil inserted in a hole at the center and touch a finger to the rim.
PIRA 200 1Q50.20 P bicycle wheel gyro Spin a bicycle wheel mounted on a long axle with adjustable counterbalance.
PIRA 1000 1Q50.21 P bike wheel on gimbals
PIRA 1000 1Q50.23 P bike wheel presession
PIRA 1000 1Q50.24 P walking the wheel
PIRA 500 1Q50.25 P double bike wheel gyro
PIRA 1000 1Q50.30 P MITAC gyro
PIRA 1000 1Q50.31 P ride a gyro
PIRA 1000 1Q50.35 P gyro in gimbals
PIRA 1000 1Q50.40 P suitcase gyro
PIRA 500 1Q50.45 P air bearing gyro
PIRA 1000 1Q50.60 P gyrocompass
PIRA 1000 1Q50.70 P stable gyros
PIRA 1000 1Q50.72 P ship stabilizer
1Q60.00 C Rotational Stability
PIRA 200 1Q60.10 P bicycle wheel top Extend the axle of a weighted bike wheel and terminate with a rubber ball.
PIRA 1000 1Q60.15 P humming top
PIRA 500 1Q60.30 P tippe top
PIRA 500 1Q60.35 P spinning football
PIRA 1000 1Q60.37 P billiard ball ellipsoid
PIRA 1000 1Q60.40 P tossing the book
PIRA 1000 1Q60.45 P tossing the hammer
PIRA 1000 1Q60.50 P "spinning lariat, hoop, and disc"
PIRA 1000 1Q60.51 P spinning rod and hoop
PIRA 1000 1Q60.80 P static/dynamic balance
1R00.00 C PROPERTIES OF MATTER
1R10.00 C Hooke's Law
PIRA 200 1R10.10 P stretching a spring Add masses to a pan balance and measure the deflection with a cathetometer.
PIRA 1000 1R10.20 P strain gauge
PIRA 1000 1R10.25 P pull on a horizontal spring
1R20.00 C Tensile and Compressive Stress
PIRA 200 1R20.10 P breaking wire Add weights to baling wire attached to the ceiling until the wire breaks.
PIRA 1000 1R20.11 P elastic limits
PIRA 1000 1R20.15 P Young's modulus
PIRA 1000 1R20.20 P bending beam
PIRA 1000 1R20.25 P "sagging board
"
PIRA 1000 1R20.40 P buckling tubes
PIRA 1000 1R20.60 P Bologna bottles
PIRA 1000 1R20.70 P Prince Rupert's drops
1R30.00 C Shear Stress
PIRA 1000 1R30.10 P shear book
PIRA 500 1R30.20 P foam block
PIRA 500 1R30.30 P spring cube
PIRA 1000 1R30.40 P torsion rod
1R40.00 C Coefficient of Restitution
PIRA 500 1R40.10 P bouncing balls
PIRA 200 1R40.30 P dead and live balls Drop bounce and no-bounce balls.
1R50.00 C Crystal Structure
PIRA 1000 1R50.20 P crystal models
PIRA 1000 1R50.40 P crystal fault model
PIRA 1000 1R50.45 P crushing salt
2000 C FLUID MECHANICS
2A00.00 C SURFACE TENSION
2A10.00 C Force of Surface Tension
PIRA 500 2A10.10 P sliding wire
PIRA 1000 2A10.15 P submerged float
PIRA 200 2A10.20 P floating metals "Float needles, paperclips, rings of wire, etc. on water."
PIRA 1000 2A10.21 P floating metal sheet
PIRA 1000 2A10.25 P leaky boats
PIRA 1000 2A10.30 P surface tension balance
PIRA 1000 2A10.33 P surface tension disc
PIRA 1000 2A10.35 P cohesion plates
PIRA 1000 2A10.40 P drop soap on lycopodium powder
PIRA 500 2A10.50 P bubbles blowing bubbles
PIRA 1000 2A10.51 P rubber balloons
PIRA 500 2A10.60 P surface tension bottle
PIRA 1000 2A10.80 P charge and surface tension
2A15.00 C Minumal Surface
PIRA 200 2A15.10 P ring and thread A loop of thread in the middle of a soap film forms a circle when the center is popped.
PIRA 1000 2A15.20 P soap film minimal surfaces
PIRA 1000 2A15.21 P catenoid soap film
2A20.00 C Capillary Action
PIRA 500 2A20.10 P capillary tubes
PIRA 1000 2A20.20 P surface tension hyperbola
PIRA 1000 2A20.35 P capillary action
2A30.00 C Surface Tension Propulsion
PIRA 1000 2A30.10 P surface tension boat propulsion
PIRA 1000 2A30.30 P mercury heart
2B00.00 C STATICS OF FLUIDS
2B20.00 C Static Presssure
PIRA 200 2B20.10 P pressure independent of direction Insert a rotatable thistle tube with a membrane into a beaker of water.
PIRA 1000 2B20.15 P pressure dependent on depth
PIRA 1000 2B20.16 P pressure vs. depth in water and alcohol
PIRA 500 2B20.20 P dropping plate
PIRA 1000 2B20.25 P Pascal's paradox
PIRA 1000 2B20.30 P weigh a water column
PIRA 1000 2B20.32 P chicken barometer
PIRA 1000 2B20.34 P hydrostatic paradox - truncated cone
PIRA 200 2B20.40 P Pascal's vases Six tubes of various shapes are connected to a common water reservoir.
PIRA 1000 2B20.50 P Pascal's fountain
PIRA 500 2B20.60 P hydraulic press
PIRA 1000 2B20.61 P two syringes
PIRA 1000 2B20.62 P hydraulic can crusher
PIRA 1000 2B20.65 P garbage bag blowup
PIRA 1000 2B20.66 P weight on a beach ball
PIRA 1000 2B20.70 P compressibility of water
PIRA 1000 2B20.71 P water/air compression
PIRA 500 2B20.80 P hovercraft
2B30.00 C Atmospheric Pressure
PIRA 1000 2B30.05 P lead bar
PIRA 200 2B30.10 P crush the can "Boil water in a can and cap. As the vapor pressure is reduced by cooling, the can collapses."
PIRA 1000 2B30.15 P crush the soda can
PIRA 500 2B30.20 P crush a 55 gal drum
PIRA 1000 2B30.25 P crush the can with vacuum pump
PIRA 200 2B30.30 P Magdeburg hemispheres Evacuate Magdeburg hemispheres and try to separate them.
PIRA 1000 2B30.33 P Magdeburg hemisphere swing
PIRA 1000 2B30.34 P Magdeburg tug-of-war
PIRA 1000 2B30.36 P suction cups
PIRA 1000 2B30.40 P soda straw contest
PIRA 500 2B30.50 P lift a stool
PIRA 1000 2B30.55 P adhesion plates
PIRA 500 2B30.60 P stick and newspaper
PIRA 1000 2B30.70 P vacuum bazooka
2B35.00 C Measuring Pressure
PIRA 1000 2B35.10 P mercury barometer
PIRA 1000 2B35.15 P barometer in a tall bell jar
PIRA 500 2B35.20 P pull up a mercury barometer
PIRA 1000 2B35.30 P manometer
PIRA 1000 2B35.40 P aneroid barometer
2B40.00 C Density and Buoyancy
PIRA 200 2B40.10 P weigh submerged block Lower a 3 Kg block of aluminum suspended from a spring scale into water and note the new weight.
PIRA 1000 2B40.14 P buoyant force
PIRA 1000 2B40.15 P finger in beaker
PIRA 1000 2B40.18 P board & weights
PIRA 200 2B40.20 P Archimedes' principle "Suspend a pail and weight from a spring scale, lower the weight into water, collect the overflow, pour it into the pail."
PIRA 1000 2B40.25 P battleship in a bathtub
PIRA 1000 2B40.27 P ship pictures full & empty
PIRA 200 2B40.30 P Cartesian diver Push on a diaphram at the top of a large graduate or squeeze a stoppered whisky flask to make the diver sink.
PIRA 1000 2B40.35 P hydrometers
PIRA 500 2B40.40 P buoyancy of air
PIRA 1000 2B40.42 P buoyancy balloon
PIRA 1000 2B40.43 P helium balloon in a glass jar
PIRA 1000 2B40.44 P helium balloon in liquid nitrogen
PIRA 1000 2B40.45 P weight of air
PIRA 1000 2B40.53 P "water and mercury ""U"" tube"
PIRA 1000 2B40.54 P buoyancy in various liquids
PIRA 1000 2B40.56 P floating square bar
PIRA 1000 2B40.59 P density ball
PIRA 1000 2B40.60 P hydrometer
PIRA 1000 2B40.61 P different density woods
2B60.00 C "Siphons, Fountains, Pumps"
PIRA 1000 2B60.10 P Hero's fountain
PIRA 1000 2B60.20 P siphon
PIRA 1000 2B60.40 P Maiotte flask and siphon
PIRA 1000 2B60.60 P hydraulic ram
PIRA 1000 2B60.75 P lift pump
2C00.00 C DYNAMICS OF FLUIDS
2C10.00 C Flow Rate
PIRA 500 2C10.10 P velocity of efflux
PIRA 500 2C10.20 P uniform pressure drop
PIRA 1000 2C10.26 P syringe water velocity
2C20.00 C Bernoulli Force
PIRA 500 2C20.10 P Bernoulli tubes
PIRA 500 2C20.20 P atomizer
PIRA 1000 2C20.25 P pitot tube
PIRA 200 2C20.30 P floating ball A ball is suspended in an upward jet of air.
PIRA 200 2C20.35 P funnel and ball Support a ping pong ball by air or water streaming out of an upside-down funnel.
PIRA 1000 2C20.36 P ball in a stream of water
PIRA 200 2C20.40 P lifting plate "Air blows radially out between two plates, supporting weights hung from the bottom plate."
PIRA 1000 2C20.44 P coin in cup
PIRA 500 2C20.45 P attracting sheets
PIRA 1000 2C20.50 P airplane wing
PIRA 200 2C20.60 P curve ball "Use a ""V"" shaped launcher to throw curve balls."
PIRA 1000 2C20.70 P Bjerknes' tube
PIRA 500 2C20.75 P Bernoulli pen barrel
PIRA 1000 2C20.80 P Flettner rotator
2C30.00 C Viscosity
PIRA 1000 2C30.10 P viscosity disc
PIRA 1000 2C30.25 P viscosity of oil
PIRA 500 2C30.50 P "terminal velocity in water, glycerin"
PIRA 1000 2C30.55 P ball drop
PIRA 500 2C30.60 P terminal velocity - styrofoam
PIRA 1000 2C30.65 P terminal velocity coffee filters
2C40.00 C Turbulent and Streamline Flow
PIRA 1000 2C40.10 P streamline flow
PIRA 1000 2C40.25 P Poiseuille flow
PIRA 1000 2C40.50 P laminar and turbulent flow
2C50.00 C Vorticies
PIRA 200 2C50.10 P smoke ring "Tap smoke rings out of a coffee can through a 1"" dia. hole."
PIRA 1000 2C50.15 P vortex cannon
PIRA 1000 2C50.20 P liquid vortices
PIRA 1000 2C50.30 P tornado tube
PIRA 1000 2C50.35 P flame tornado
2C60.00 C Non Newtonian Fluids
PIRA 1000 2C60.20 P density balls in beans
PIRA 1000 2C60.30 P cornstarch
PIRA 1000 2C60.35 P slime ball
PIRA 1000 2C60.40 P silly putty
PIRA 1000 2C60.55 P ketchup uzi
3000 C OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES
3A00.00 C OSCILLATIONS
3A10.00 C Pendula
PIRA 200 3A10.10 P simple pendulum Suspend a simple pendulum from a ringstand.
PIRA 1000 3A10.14 P 4:1 pendulum
PIRA 500 3A10.15 P bowling ball pendulum
PIRA 1000 3A10.17 P different mass pendula
PIRA 500 3A10.20 P upside-down pendulum
PIRA 500 3A10.30 P torsion pendulum
PIRA 1000 3A10.40 P variable g pendulum
3A15.00 C Physical Pendula
PIRA 200 3A15.10 P physical pendulum Any distributed mass pendulum.
PIRA 500 3A15.20 P oscillating bar
PIRA 500 3A15.25 P oscillating hoop
PIRA 1000 3A15.30 P paddle oscillator
PIRA 500 3A15.40 P truncated ring
PIRA 1000 3A15.45 P oscillating lamina
PIRA 500 3A15.50 P sweet spot
PIRA 1000 3A15.57 P sweet spot of a meter stick
PIRA 1000 3A15.70 P Kater's pendulum
3A20.00 C Springs & Oscillators
PIRA 200 3A20.10 P mass on a spring A mass oscillates slowly on a large spring.
PIRA 1000 3A20.20 P springs in series and parallel
PIRA 200 3A20.30 P air track glider and spring An air cart is attached to a single horizontal coil spring.
PIRA 1000 3A20.35 P air track glider between springs
PIRA 1000 3A20.40 P roller cart and spring
PIRA 1000 3A20.50 P oscillating chain
3A40.00 C Simple Harmonic Motion
PIRA 200 3A40.10 P circular motion vs. mass on a aspring Shadow project a ball at the edge of a disc rotating at the same frequency as a mass on a spring.
PIRA 200 3A40.20 P circular motion vs. pendulum Shadow project a pendulum and turntable which have identical frequencies.
PIRA 1000 3A40.25 P ball on track vs. pendulum
PIRA 1000 3A40.30 P arrow on the wheel
PIRA 1000 3A40.35 P SHM slide
PIRA 1000 3A40.41 P tuning fork with light
PIRA 1000 3A40.50 P strain gauge SHM
PIRA 1000 3A40.65 P phase shift disc
3A50.00 C Damped Oscillators
PIRA 500 3A50.10 P dash pot
PIRA 1000 3A50.20 P damped SHM tracer
PIRA 1000 3A50.45 P oscillating guillotine
3A60.00 C Driven Mechanical Resonance
PIRA 200 3A60.10 P Tacoma Narrows film A film of the collapse of the bridge due to resonance.
PIRA 500 3A60.20 P driven glider on air track
PIRA 500 3A60.30 P Barton's pendula
PIRA 1000 3A60.31 P resonant driven pendula
PIRA 1000 3A60.35 P bowling ball pendulm resonance
PIRA 1000 3A60.40 P driven mass on spring
PIRA 1000 3A60.43 P driven spring weight
PIRA 1000 3A60.44 P drunken sailor
PIRA 500 3A60.50 P resonance reeds
PIRA 1000 3A60.55 P driven torsion pendulum
PIRA 1000 3A60.60 P upside-down pendulum
PIRA 1000 3A60.70 P lamppost resonance
3A70.00 C Coupled Oscillations
PIRA 200 3A70.10 P Wilberforce pendulum Energy transfers between vertical and torsional modes.
PIRA 1000 3A70.15 P swinging mass on a spring
PIRA 200 3A70.20 P coupled pendula Hang two or three pendula from a flexible metal frame.
PIRA 500 3A70.25 P spring coupled pendula
PIRA 1000 3A70.27 P spring coupled physical pendua
PIRA 1000 3A70.30 P string coupled pendula
PIRA 1000 3A70.40 P inverted coupled pendula
PIRA 1000 3A70.45 P coupled masses on springs
PIRA 1000 3A70.50 P oscillating magnets
3A75.00 C Normal Modes
PIRA 500 3A75.10 P coupled harmonic oscillators
PIRA 1000 3A75.30 P masses on a string
PIRA 1000 3A75.40 P bifilar pendulum modes
3A80.00 C Lissajous Figures
PIRA 1000 3A80.10 P Lissajous sand pendulum
PIRA 500 3A80.20 P Lissajous figures - scope
PIRA 1000 3A80.40 P Lissajous figures - laser
3A95.00 C Non-Linear Systems
PIRA 1000 3A95.10 P water relaxation oscillator
PIRA 1000 3A95.20 P wood block relaxation oscillator
PIRA 1000 3A95.33 P pendulum with large amplitude
PIRA 1000 3A95.38 P perodic non-simple harmonic motion
PIRA 1000 3A95.45 P amplitude jumps
PIRA 1000 3A95.50 P chaos systems
PIRA 1000 3A95.60 P parametric resonance
PIRA 1000 3A95.70 P pump a swing
PIRA 1000 3A95.80 P parametric instability
3B00.00 C WAVE MOTION
3B10.00 C Transverse Pulses and Waves
PIRA 1000 3B10.05 P the wave - transverse
PIRA 200 3B10.10 P pulse on a rope Give a heavy peice of stretched rope a quick pulse.
PIRA 1000 3B10.15 P tension dependence on wave speed
PIRA 1000 3B10.16 P speed of torsional waves
PIRA 1000 3B10.17 P speed of a slinky pulse
PIRA 1000 3B10.18 P speed of pulses on ropes
PIRA 500 3B10.20 P slinky on the table
PIRA 1000 3B10.25 P standing pulse
PIRA 200 3B10.30 P Shive (Bell Labs) wave model "Excite a horizontal torsional wave machine by hand. The other end is open, clamped, or critically damped."
PIRA 1000 3B10.40 P Kelvin wave apparatus
PIRA 500 3B10.50 P vertical rods wave model
PIRA 1000 3B10.75 P pendulum waves
3B20.00 C Longitudinal Pulses and Waves
PIRA 1000 3B20.05 P the wave - longitudinal
PIRA 200 3B20.10 P hanging slinky A long slinky is supported on bifilar suspension every four inches.
PIRA 1000 3B20.20 P longitudinal wave on air track
PIRA 1000 3B20.30 P longitudinal wave model (PASCO)
PIRA 1000 3B20.35 P longitudinal wave machine
PIRA 1000 3B20.60 P speed of particles vs. waves
PIRA 1000 3B20.70 P Crova's disc
3B22.00 C Standing Waves
PIRA 200 3B22.10 P Melde's vibrating string Drive one end of a string over a pulley to a mass with variable frequency SHM
PIRA 1000 3B22.15 P three tensions standing waves
PIRA 500 3B22.30 P Shive /Bell Labs standing waves
PIRA 1000 3B22.40 P vertical vibrating bar
PIRA 1000 3B22.50 P slinky standing waves
PIRA 1000 3B22.60 P longitudinal standing waves
PIRA 1000 3B22.70 P soap film oscillations
PIRA 1000 3B22.90 P crank slide
3B25.00 C Impedence and Dispersion
PIRA 500 3B25.10 P impedance matching - Shive model
PIRA 1000 3B25.20 P reflection - Shive model
PIRA 1000 3B25.25 P spring wave reflection
PIRA 1000 3B25.26 P fixed and free rope reflection
PIRA 1000 3B25.30 P effect of bell
PIRA 1000 3B25.35 P acoustic coupling with speaker
PIRA 1000 3B25.40 P soundboard
PIRA 1000 3B25.50 P dispersion in a plucked wire
PIRA 1000 3B25.55 P space phone (spring horn toy)
3B27.00 C Compound Waves
PIRA 1000 3B27.10 P slinky and soda cans
PIRA 1000 3B27.15 P wave superposition - Shive model
PIRA 1000 3B27.20 P adding waves apparatus
PIRA 1000 3B27.30 P double pendulum beat drawer
3B30.00 C Wave Properties of Sound
PIRA 500 3B30.10 P speed of sound by phase difference
PIRA 500 3B30.20 P direct speed of sound
PIRA 200 3B30.30 P bell in a vacuum Pump air from a bell jar as a battery powered bell rings inside.
PIRA 1000 3B30.40 P speaker and candle
PIRA 1000 3B30.45 P bubbles and bugle
PIRA 1000 3B30.50 P helium talking
PIRA 1000 3B30.55 P sound velocity at different temperatures
PIRA 1000 3B30.60 P speed of sound in rod and air
PIRA 1000 3B30.65 P music box
3B33.00 C Phase and Group Velocity
PIRA 500 3B33.10 P group velocity on scope
PIRA 1000 3B33.20 P two combs
3B35.00 C Reflection & Refraction (Sound)
PIRA 1000 3B35.10 P gas lens
PIRA 1000 3B35.20 P refraction prism - CO2
PIRA 1000 3B35.30 P parabolic reflector and sound source
PIRA 1000 3B35.60 P refraction of water waves
3B39.00 C Transfer of Energy in Waves
PIRA 1000 3B39.10 P water wave model
PIRA 1000 3B39.20 P dominoes
3B40.00 C Doppler Effect
PIRA 200 3B40.10 P doppler buzzer Swing a battery powered buzzer on a string around in a horizontal circle.
PIRA 1000 3B40.15 P Doppler whistle
PIRA 500 3B40.20 P Doppler spear
PIRA 1000 3B40.25 P Doppler reed
PIRA 1000 3B40.30 P Doppler beats
3B45.00 C Shock Waves
PIRA 200 3B45.10 P ripple tank film loops A 3:45 film loop shows doppler effect and shock waves.
PIRA 1000 3B45.15 P shock waves in ripple tank
PIRA 1000 3B45.20 P pop the champagne cork
PIRA 1000 3B45.30 P solition tank
PIRA 1000 3B45.40 P tsunami tank
3B50.00 C Interference and Diffraction
PIRA 500 3B50.10 P ripple tank - single slit
PIRA 500 3B50.20 P ripple tank - two point
PIRA 1000 3B50.25 P ripple tank - double slit
PIRA 500 3B50.30 P ripple tank - film loops
PIRA 200 3B50.40 P Moire pattern transparencies A double slit representation of Moire patterns from two sheets of semicircular ruled transparencies.
PIRA 1000 3B50.50 P double slit transparency
PIRA 1000 3B50.55 P interference model
3B55.00 C Inter. and Diff. of Sound
PIRA 200 3B55.10 P two speaker bar Two speakers driven from a common source are mounted at the ends of a long bar.
PIRA 500 3B55.30 P baffle and speaker
PIRA 200 3B55.40 P trombone / Quinckes' tube "A speaker drives two tubes, one variable , that come together into a common horn."
PIRA 1000 3B55.55 P diffraction pattern of a piston
PIRA 1000 3B55.60 P diffraction fence
3B60.00 C Beats
PIRA 200 3B60.10 P beat forks Two tuning forks differing by about 1 Hz are mounted on resonance boxes.
PIRA 1000 3B60.11 P beat bars
PIRA 1000 3B60.15 P beat whistles
PIRA 200 3B60.20 P beats on scope Two audio transformers are fed thru an audio interstage transformer to an oscilloscope and audio amp.
PIRA 1000 3B60.40 P ripple tank beats
3B70.00 C Coupled Resonators
PIRA 200 3B70.10 P coupled tuning forks Two matched tuning forks are mounted on resonance boxes. Hit one and the other vibrates too.
PIRA 200 3B70.20 P coupled speaker/tuning forks Drive a tuning fork on a resonant box with a speaker.
3C00.00 C ACOUSTICS
3C10.00 C The Ear
PIRA 1000 3C10.10 P model of the ear
PIRA 500 3C10.20 P time resolution of the ear
PIRA 500 3C10.30 P bone conduction
3C20.00 C Pitch
PIRA 200 3C20.10 P range of hearing Use an oscillator driving a good audio system to demonstrate the range of hearing.
PIRA 500 3C20.20 P zip strips
PIRA 500 3C20.25 P bottle scale
PIRA 1000 3C20.30 P siren disc
PIRA 1000 3C20.40 P Savart's wheel
3C30.00 C Intensity and Attenuation
PIRA 500 3C30.20 P dB meters and horn
PIRA 1000 3C30.21 P dB meter and horn
PIRA 1000 3C30.30 P loudness (phones and sones)
PIRA 1000 3C30.35 P hearing -3dB
3C40.00 C Architectural Acoustics
PIRA 500 3C40.10 P reverberation time
3C50.00 C Wave Analysis and Synthesis
PIRA 200 3C50.10 P Pasco Fourier synthesizer The Pasco Fourier synthesizer allows one to build an arbitrary waveform with up to nine harmonics.
PIRA 1000 3C50.15 P mechanical square wave generator
PIRA 200 3C50.30 P Helmholtz resonators and microphone Hold a small microphone individually to a set of Helmholtz resonators.
PIRA 1000 3C50.35 P resonance tube spectrum
PIRA 1000 3C50.40 P harmonic tones (vibrating string)
PIRA 1000 3C50.50 P noise (pink and white)
PIRA 1000 3C50.55 P distinguishing harmonics with the ear
PIRA 1000 3C50.70 P wave analysis (PASCO filter)
PIRA 1000 3C50.80 P spectrum analyzer
3C55.00 C Music Perception and the Voice
PIRA 1000 3C55.20 P pitch of complex tones
PIRA 1000 3C55.25 P missing fundamental
PIRA 1000 3C55.30 P difference tones
PIRA 1000 3C55.35 P beats vs. difference tones
PIRA 1000 3C55.40 P chords
PIRA 1000 3C55.45 P consonance and dissonance
PIRA 500 3C55.50 P musical scale
PIRA 1000 3C55.55 P tuning forks on resonance boxes
PIRA 1000 3C55.70 P tone quality
PIRA 1000 3C55.74 P keyboard and oscilloscope
PIRA 1000 3C55.80 P formants
PIRA 1000 3C55.85 P filtered music and speech
3D00.00 C INSTRUMENTS
3D20.00 C Resonance in Strings
PIRA 200 3D20.10 P sonometer "A sounding box with strings, tuning machines, and adjustable bridges."
PIRA 1000 3D20.20 P modes of string oscillation on scope
PIRA 1000 3D20.21 P guitar and scope
PIRA 1000 3D20.50 P Aeolian harp
3D22.00 C Stringed Instruments
PIRA 1000 3D22.10 P violin
PIRA 1000 3D22.20 P cigar box cello
3D30.00 C Resonance Cavities
PIRA 200 3D30.10 P vertical resonance tube Draw a glass tube out of a water bath while holding a tuning fork over one end.
PIRA 1000 3D30.15 P resonance tube with piston
PIRA 1000 3D30.16 P horizontal resonance tube
PIRA 500 3D30.20 P open and closed tubes 256/512
PIRA 500 3D30.35 P bloogles/kroogah tubes
PIRA 1000 3D30.40 P Hemholtz resonators
PIRA 500 3D30.50 P Ruben's tube
PIRA 1000 3D30.60 P Kundt's tube
PIRA 200 3D30.70 P hoot tubes A bunsen burner heats a screen in the bottom of a large open vertical tube.
PIRA 1000 3D30.74 P variable hoot tubes
3D32.00 C Air Column Instruments
PIRA 1000 3D32.10 P organ pipes
PIRA 1000 3D32.20 P organ pipes with holes
PIRA 1000 3D32.25 P open and closed end pipes
PIRA 1000 3D32.30 P slide whistle
PIRA 1000 3D32.40 P demonstration trumpet
PIRA 1000 3D32.45 P PVC instruments
3D40.00 C "Resonance in Plates, Bars, Soli"
PIRA 1000 3D40.10 P xylophone
PIRA 1000 3D40.11 P rectangular bar oscillations
PIRA 1000 3D40.12 P high frequency metal bars
PIRA 1000 3D40.15 P musical sticks
PIRA 1000 3D40.16 P musical nails
PIRA 200 3D40.20 P singing rod Hold a long aluminum rod at the midpoint and stroke with rosened fingers.
PIRA 200 3D40.30 P Chladni plate Strike or bow a horizontal metal plate covered with sand while touching the edge at various nodal points.
PIRA 1000 3D40.33 P thick Chladni plate
PIRA 1000 3D40.35 P flaming table
PIRA 500 3D40.40 P drum head
PIRA 1000 3D40.45 P bubble membrane modes
PIRA 1000 3D40.50 P musical goblet
PIRA 500 3D40.55 P shattering goblet
PIRA 1000 3D40.65 P bull roarer
3D42.00 C Percussion Instruments
3D46.00 C Tuning Forks
PIRA 1000 3D46.16 P tuning fork
PIRA 1000 3D46.22 P adjustable tuning fork
3D50.00 C Electronic Instruments
PIRA 500 3D50.10 P keyboards
3E00.00 C SOUND REPRODUCTION
3E20.00 C Loudspeakers
3E30.00 C Microphones
3E40.00 C Amplifiers
3E60.00 C Recorders
4000 C THERMODYNAMICS
4A00.00 C THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
4A10.00 C Thermometry
PIRA 500 4A10.10 P various thermometers
PIRA 1000 4A10.15 P mercury thermometer
PIRA 1000 4A10.20 P Galileo's thermometer
PIRA 1000 4A10.50 P cholesteric liquid crystals
4A20.00 C Liquid Expansion
PIRA 500 4A20.10 P Torchelli tube
PIRA 1000 4A20.30 P maximum density of water
4A30.00 C Solid Expansion
PIRA 200 4A30.10 P bimetal strip Strips of dissimilar metals bonded together bend when heated.
PIRA 1000 4A30.11 P thermostat model
PIRA 1000 4A30.15 P wire coil thermostat - zig
PIRA 200 4A30.20 P balls and ring "A ring with a set of two balls, one over and one under size. Heat the ring and lslip over both."
PIRA 500 4A30.30 P break the bolt
PIRA 1000 4A30.40 P hopping discs
PIRA 1000 4A30.50 P expansion of quartz and glass
PIRA 500 4A30.60 P sagging wire
PIRA 1000 4A30.80 P heat rubber bands
4A40.00 C Properties of Materials at Low
PIRA 200 4A40.10 P "lead bell, solder spring" "Ring a lead bell after it is frozen in liquid nitrogen, Cool a coil of solder to make a spring."
PIRA 500 4A40.15 P solder spring
PIRA 1000 4A40.20 P mercury hammer
PIRA 200 4A40.30 P smashing rose and tube "Cool a rose, urffer tube, or handball in a clear dewar of liquid nitrogen and smash it."
PIRA 1000 4A40.35 P cool rubber band
PIRA 1000 4A40.40 P viscous alcohol
4A50.00 C Liquid Helium
4B00.00 C HEAT AND THE FIRST LAW
4B10.00 C Heat Capacity and Specific Heat
PIRA 500 4B10.10 P water and aluminum on a hot plate
PIRA 1000 4B10.15 P water and oil on a hot plate
PIRA 1000 4B10.30 P melting wax
PIRA 1000 4B10.60 P Clement's and Desormes' experiment
PIRA 1000 4B10.70 P elastic properties of gases
4B20.00 C Convection
PIRA 200 4B20.10 P convection tube Heat one side of a glass tube loop filled with water and insert some ink.
PIRA 500 4B20.15 P convection flasks
PIRA 1000 4B20.20 P two chimney convection box
PIRA 1000 4B20.25 P convection chimney with vane
PIRA 1000 4B20.30 P convection chimney with confetti
PIRA 1000 4B20.40 P convection currents projected
PIRA 500 4B20.45 P burn your hand
PIRA 1000 4B20.50 P Barnard cell
4B30.00 C Conduction
PIRA 500 4B30.10 P conduction - dropping balls
PIRA 1000 4B30.12 P conduction - melting wax
PIRA 500 4B30.15 P melting paraffin - sliding pointer
PIRA 1000 4B30.20 P painted rods
PIRA 1000 4B30.25 P four rods - heat conduction
PIRA 1000 4B30.30 P copper and stainless tubes
PIRA 1000 4B30.35 P toilet seats
PIRA 1000 4B30.50 P heat propagation in a copper rod
4B40.00 C Radiation
PIRA 200 4B40.10 P light the match Light a match at the focus of one parabolic reflector with a heating element at the focus of another reflector.
PIRA 500 4B40.20 P IR focusing
PIRA 1000 4B40.30 P Leslie's cube
PIRA 1000 4B40.40 P two can radiation
PIRA 1000 4B40.50 P selective absorption and transmission
PIRA 1000 4B40.60 P black and white thermometers
4B50.00 C Heat Transfer Applications
PIRA 500 4B50.10 P four thermos bottles
PIRA 200 4B50.20 P boiling water in a paper cup "Burn one paper cup, boil water in another."
PIRA 1000 4B50.25 P water balloon and matches
PIRA 1000 4B50.30 P Leydenfrost effect
PIRA 1000 4B50.35 P finger in hot oil
PIRA 1000 4B50.40 P reverse Leyden frost
PIRA 1000 4B50.60 P greenhouse effect
4B60.00 C Mechanical Equivalent of Heat
PIRA 200 4B60.10 P dropping lead shot Drop a bag of lead shot is dropped several times and measure the temperature rise.
PIRA 1000 4B60.11 P invert tube of lead
PIRA 1000 4B60.15 P hammer on lead
PIRA 1000 4B60.20 P copper barrel crank
PIRA 1000 4B60.50 P bow and stick
PIRA 500 4B60.55 P boy scout fire maker
PIRA 1000 4B60.70 P cork popper
4B70.00 C Adiabatic Processes
PIRA 500 4B70.10 P fire syringe
PIRA 500 4B70.20 P expansion cloud chamber
PIRA 1000 4B70.25 P pop the cork cooling
4C00.00 C CHANGE OF STATE
4C10.00 C PVT Surfaces
PIRA 500 4C10.10 P PVT surfaces
4C20.00 C Phase Changes: Liquid-Solid
PIRA 1000 4C20.10 P supercooled water
PIRA 500 4C20.20 P ice bomb in liquid nitrogen
PIRA 500 4C20.30 P regelation
PIRA 500 4C20.35 P liquefying CO2
PIRA 500 4C20.40 P freezing liquid nitrogen
PIRA 500 4C20.45 P fire extinguisher
PIRA 1000 4C20.55 P heat of solution
PIRA 1000 4C20.60 P heat of crystallization
4C30.00 C Phase Changes: Liquid-Gas
PIRA 200 4C30.10 P boiling by cooling Cool a flask stoppered flask filled with warm water with ice until boiling starts.
PIRA 1000 4C30.15 P boiling at reduced pressure
PIRA 1000 4C30.25 P geyser
PIRA 1000 4C30.30 P helium and CO2 balloons in liquid N2
PIRA 1000 4C30.35 P liquid nitrogen in a balloon
4C31.00 C Cooling by Evaporation
PIRA 500 4C31.10 P cryophorous
PIRA 1000 4C31.20 P freezing by evaporation
PIRA 200 4C31.30 P drinking bird "Cooling causes vapor to condense, lowering the center of gravity until the bird tips, raising the c. of g."
4C32.00 C Dew Point and Humidity
PIRA 1000 4C32.10 P sling psychrometer
PIRA 1000 4C32.40 P condensation nuclei
4C33.00 C Vapor Pressure
PIRA 1000 4C33.10 P vapor pressure in barometer
PIRA 1000 4C33.20 P addition of vapor pressures
PIRA 1000 4C33.30 P vapor pressure curve for water
PIRA 500 4C33.50 P pulse glass
4C40.00 C Sublimation
PIRA 500 4C40.10 P sublimation of carbon dioxide
PIRA 1000 4C40.15 P blow up balloon with CO2
4C45.00 C Phase Changes: Solid - Solid
PIRA 1000 4C45.10 P phase change in iron
PIRA 1000 4C45.30 P polymorphism
4C50.00 C Critical Point
PIRA 500 4C50.10 P critical point of CO2
PIRA 1000 4C50.20 P critical opalescence
PIRA 1000 4C50.40 P triple point of water cell
4D00.00 C KINETIC THEORY
4D10.00 C Brownian Motion
PIRA 200 4D10.10 P Brownian motion cell View a smoke cell under a microscope.
PIRA 1000 4D10.20 P Brownian motion simulator
PIRA 1000 4D10.30 P colloidal suspension
PIRA 1000 4D10.40 P Dow spheres suspension
4D20.00 C Mean Free Path
PIRA 200 4D20.10 P Crookes' radiometer The fake radiometer is evacuated until the mean free path is about the dimension of the system.
PIRA 1000 4D20.20 P mean free path and pressure
PIRA 1000 4D20.30 P mean free path pin board
4D30.00 C Kinetic Motion
PIRA 500 4D30.10 P Cenco kinetic theory apparatus
PIRA 1000 4D30.11 P big kinetic motion apparatus
PIRA 500 4D30.20 P molecular motion simulator
PIRA 1000 4D30.21 P equipartition of energy simulator
PIRA 1000 4D30.22 P pressure vs. volume simulator
PIRA 1000 4D30.23 P free expansion simulation
PIRA 1000 4D30.24 P temperature increase simulation
PIRA 1000 4D30.40 P glass beads
PIRA 1000 4D30.60 P flame tube viscosity
4D40.00 C Molecular Dimensions
PIRA 1000 4D40.10 P steric and oleic acid films
4D50.00 C Diffusion & Osmosis
PIRA 500 4D50.10 P fragrant vapor - ethyl ketone
PIRA 1000 4D50.20 P diffusion through porcelain
PIRA 1000 4D50.45 P bromine diffusion
PIRA 1000 4D50.50 P bromine cryophorus
PIRA 1000 4D50.60 P diffusion in liquids - CuSO4
PIRA 500 4D50.70 P permeable membrane
PIRA 1000 4D50.80 P osmosis simulator
4E00.00 C GAS LAW
4E10.00 C Constant Pressure
PIRA 500 4E10.10 P hot air thermometer
PIRA 1000 4E10.11 P thermal expansion of air
PIRA 200 4E10.20 P balloons in liquid nitrogen Pour liquid nitrogen over an air filled balloon until it collapses and then let it warm up again.
4E20.00 C Constant Temperature
PIRA 500 4E20.10 P square inch syringe
PIRA 1000 4E20.15 P syringe and pressure gauge
PIRA 500 4E20.20 P Boyle's law apparatus
PIRA 1000 4E20.30 P Boyle's law with tap pressure
PIRA 1000 4E20.40 P balloon in a vacuum
4E30.00 C Constant Volume
PIRA 200 4E30.10 P constant volume bulb "Immersed a bulb with an absolute pressure gauge in boiling water, ice water, and liquid nitrogen."
PIRA 1000 4E30.20 P constant volume thermometer
4F00.00 C ENTROPY AND THE SECOND LAW
4F10.00 C Entropy
PIRA 500 4F10.10 P time reversal
PIRA 1000 4F10.20 P balls in a pan
PIRA 500 4F10.30 P Hilsh tube
PIRA 500 4F10.40 P dust explosion
4F30.00 C Heat Cycles
PIRA 200 4F30.10 P Stirling engine Show both a working stirling engine and a cutaway model.
PIRA 500 4F30.20 P steam engine
PIRA 1000 4F30.30 P Hilsh tube
PIRA 1000 4F30.40 P refrigerator
PIRA 1000 4F30.60 P Nitinol engine
PIRA 1000 4F30.70 P rubber band engine
5000 C ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
5A00.00 C ELECTROSTATICS
5A10.00 C Producing Static Charge
PIRA 200 5A10.10 P "rods, fur, and silk" "PVC rod and felt, acrylic rod and cellophane, with the Braun electroscope as a charge indicator"
PIRA 1000 5A10.15 P triboelectric series
PIRA 500 5A10.20 P electrophorus
PIRA 1000 5A10.30 P electret
PIRA 1000 5A10.35 P equal and opposite charges
PIRA 1000 5A10.37 P electrostatic rod and cloth
PIRA 1000 5A10.40 P mercury-glass charging wand
PIRA 1000 5A10.50 P cyrogenic pyroelectricity
PIRA 1000 5A10.55 P heating and cooling tourmaline
5A20.00 C Coulomb's Law
PIRA 200 5A20.10 P rods and pivot "With one charged rod on a pivot, use another of the same or opposite charge to show attraction or repulsion."
PIRA 200 5A20.20 P pith balls Suspend two small pith balls and show either attraction or repulsion.
PIRA 1000 5A20.25 P ping pong ball electroscope
PIRA 1000 5A20.28 P beer can pith balls
PIRA 1000 5A20.30 P mylar balloon electroscope
PIRA 1000 5A20.32 P electrostatic spheres on air table
5A22.00 C Electrostatic Meters
PIRA 500 5A22.10 P Braun electroscope
PIRA 1000 5A22.25 P soft drink can electroscope
PIRA 500 5A22.30 P gold leaf electroscope
PIRA 1000 5A22.50 P Kelvin electrostatic voltmeter
PIRA 1000 5A22.70 P electrometer
PIRA 1000 5A22.80 P electric field mill
5A30.00 C Conductors and Insulators
PIRA 500 5A30.10 P wire versus string
PIRA 1000 5A30.15 P acrylic and aluminum bars
5A40.00 C Induced Charge
PIRA 200 5A40.10 P charging by induction Charging by induction using two balls on stands with an electroscope for a charge indicator.
PIRA 1000 5A40.15 P electroscope charging by induction
PIRA 200 5A40.20 P can attracted to charged rod A hoop of light aluminum is attracted to a charged rod.
PIRA 1000 5A40.25 P paper sticks on board
PIRA 500 5A40.30 P "2"" x 4"""
PIRA 500 5A40.35 P metal rod attraction
PIRA 500 5A40.40 P deflection of a stream of water
PIRA 1000 5A40.60 P electrostatic generator principles
PIRA 500 5A40.70 P Kelvin water dropper
5A50.00 C Electrostatic Machines
PIRA 200 5A50.10 P Wimshurst machine Crank a Wimshurst generator.
PIRA 1000 5A50.15 P Toepler-Holtz machine
PIRA 500 5A50.20 P dirod electrostatic machine
PIRA 200 5A50.30 P Van de Graaff generator Show sparks from a Van de Graaff generator to a nearby grounded ball.
PIRA 1000 5A50.31 P Van de Graaff principles
PIRA 1000 5A50.50 P Franklin's electrostatic machines
5B00.00 C ELECTRIC FIELDS AND POTENTIAL
5B10.00 C Electric Field
PIRA 200 5B10.10 P hair on end "While standing on an insulated stool, charge yourself up with a Van de Graaff generator."
PIRA 500 5B10.15 P Van de Graaff streamers
PIRA 200 5B10.25 P confetti (puffed wheat) "Confetti (puffed wheat, styrofoam peanuts) flies off the ball of an electrostatic generator."
PIRA 1000 5B10.26 P electrified strings
PIRA 1000 5B10.30 P electric chimes
PIRA 500 5B10.35 P electrostatic ping pong
PIRA 500 5B10.40 P fuzzy fur field tank
PIRA 1000 5B10.70 P rubber sheet field model
5B20.00 C Gauss' Law
PIRA 200 5B20.10 P Faraday's ice pail "With a proof plane and electroscope, show charge is on the outside of a hollow conductor."
PIRA 1000 5B20.15 P Faraday's ice pail on electroscope
PIRA 500 5B20.30 P electroscope in a cage
PIRA 1000 5B20.31 P electroscope in a cage/Wimshurst
PIRA 200 5B20.35 P radio in a cage Place a wire mesh cage over a radio.
5B30.00 C Electrostatic Potential
PIRA 500 5B30.10 P surface charge density - balls
PIRA 1000 5B30.20 P charged ovoid
PIRA 200 5B30.30 P lightning rod Insert a sphere and point of the same height between horizontal metal plates charged by a Wimshurst.
PIRA 500 5B30.35 P point and ball with Van de Graaff
PIRA 500 5B30.40 P electric wind
PIRA 500 5B30.50 P pinwheel
PIRA 500 5B30.60 P Cottrell precipitator
5C00.00 C CAPACITANCE
5C10.00 C Capacitors
PIRA 500 5C10.10 P sample capacitors
PIRA 200 5C10.20 P parallel plate capacitor Change the spacing of a charged parallel plate capacitor while it is attached to an electroscope.
PIRA 1000 5C10.21 P battery and separable capacitor
PIRA 1000 5C10.30 P dependence of capacitance on area
PIRA 1000 5C10.35 P rotary capacitor
5C20.00 C Dielectric
PIRA 200 5C20.10 P capacitor with dielectrics Insert and remove a dielectric from a charged parallel plate capacitor while it is attached to an electroscope.
PIRA 1000 5C20.17 P helium dielectric
PIRA 1000 5C20.20 P force on a dielectric
PIRA 1000 5C20.25 P attraction of charged plates
PIRA 200 5C20.30 P dissectible condenser "A capacitor is charged, disassembled, passed around, assembled, and discharged with a spark."
PIRA 1000 5C20.35 P bound charge
PIRA 1000 5C20.60 P displacement current
5C30.00 C Energy Stored in a Capacitor
PIRA 1000 5C30.10 P Leyden jar and Wimshurst
PIRA 1000 5C30.15 P exploding capacitor
PIRA 200 5C30.20 P short a capacitor Charge a large electrolytic (5000 mfd) capacitor to 120 V and short with a screwdriver.
PIRA 200 5C30.30 P light a bulb with a capacitor Charge a large electroylitic capacitor and connect it to a lamp.
PIRA 1000 5C30.35 P lifting weight with a capacitor
PIRA 1000 5C30.40 P series/parallel Leyden jars
PIRA 1000 5C30.42 P series/parallel capacitors
PIRA 1000 5C30.50 P Marx and Cockroft-Walton
PIRA 1000 5C30.60 P residual charge
5D00.00 C RESISTANCE
5D10.00 C Resistance Characteristics
PIRA 500 5D10.10 P resistor assortment
PIRA 500 5D10.20 P characteristic resistances
PIRA 500 5D10.40 P resistance model
PIRA 1000 5D10.50 P current model with Wimshurst
5D20.00 C Resistivity and Temperature
PIRA 200 5D20.10 P wire coil in liquid nitrogen A lamp glows brighter when a series resistance coil is immersed in liquid nitrogen.
PIRA 1000 5D20.15 P flame and liquid nitrogen
PIRA 200 5D20.20 P iron wire in flame Heat a coil of iron wire in series with a battery and a lamp and the lamp will dim.
PIRA 500 5D20.30 P carbon and tungsten light bulbs
PIRA 1000 5D20.50 P thermistors
PIRA 500 5D20.60 P conduction in glass at high temp
5D30.00 C Conduction in Solutions
PIRA 500 5D30.10 P conduction through electrolytes
PIRA 1000 5D30.13 P salt water string
PIRA 1000 5D30.20 P migration of ions
PIRA 1000 5D30.30 P pickle glow
5D40.00 C Conduction in Gases
PIRA 200 5D40.10 P Jacob's ladder A arc rises between rabbit ear electrodes attached to a high voltage transformer.
PIRA 1000 5D40.20 P conduction of gaseous ions
PIRA 1000 5D40.30 P ionization by radioactivity
PIRA 1000 5D40.40 P conduction from a hot wire
PIRA 1000 5D40.42 P thermionic emisson
PIRA 1000 5D40.50 P neon bulb
PIRA 1000 5D40.80 P x-ray ionization
5E00.00 C ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE AND CURRENT
5E20.00 C Electrolysis
PIRA 500 5E20.10 P electrolysis of water
5E30.00 C Plating
PIRA 1000 5E30.10 P copper flashing of iron
PIRA 500 5E30.20 P electroplating copper
PIRA 1000 5E30.40 P silver coulomb meter
5E40.00 C Cells and Batteries
PIRA 500 5E40.10 P EMF dependence on electrode material
PIRA 1000 5E40.20 P voltaic cell
PIRA 500 5E40.25 P lemon battery/voltaic cell
PIRA 500 5E40.60 P lead acid simple battery
PIRA 500 5E40.70 P internal resistance of batteries
PIRA 1000 5E40.75 P weak and good battery
5E50.00 C Thermoelectricity
PIRA 200 5E50.10 P thermocouple "Two iron-copper junctions, one in ice and the other in a flame, are connected to a galvanometer."
PIRA 500 5E50.30 P thermoelectric magnet
PIRA 1000 5E50.60 P Peltier effect
5E60.00 C Piezoelectricity
PIRA 500 5E60.10 P quartz crystal scraped
PIRA 500 5E60.20 P piezoelectric sparker
PIRA 1000 5E60.25 P piezoelectric gun
PIRA 1000 5E60.30 P stress vs. voltage
PIRA 1000 5E60.40 P piezoelectric speaker
5F00.00 C DC CIRCUITS
5F10.00 C Ohm's Law
PIRA 200 5F10.10 P Ohm's law Measure current and voltage in a simple circuit. Change the voltage or resistance.
PIRA 1000 5F10.15 P water Ohm's law analog
PIRA 1000 5F10.20 P potential drop along a wire
PIRA 1000 5F10.25 P potential drop with Wimshurst
5F15.00 C Power and Energy
PIRA 1000 5F15.10 P electrical equalivanet of heat
PIRA 500 5F15.20 P hot dog cooker
PIRA 1000 5F15.30 P fuse with 30v lamp
PIRA 1000 5F15.35 P fuse with increasing load
PIRA 1000 5F15.40 P voltage drops in house wires
PIRA 1000 5F15.45 P IR2 losses
5F20.00 C Circuit Analysis
PIRA 200 5F20.10 P Kirchoff's voltage law Measure the voltages around a three resistor and battery circuit.
PIRA 500 5F20.15 P continuity of current
PIRA 1000 5F20.20 P superposition of current
PIRA 1000 5F20.25 P reciprocity
PIRA 1000 5F20.30 P potentiometer
PIRA 1000 5F20.40 P Wheatstone bridge
PIRA 1000 5F20.45 P light bulb Wheatstone bridge
PIRA 200 5F20.50 P series and parallel light bulbs A light bulb board with switches allows configuration of several combinations of series and parallel lamps.
PIRA 1000 5F20.51 P light bulb board - 12 V
PIRA 1000 5F20.55 P series and parallel resistors
PIRA 1000 5F20.60 P equalivanet resistance
5F30.00 C RC Circuits
PIRA 200 5F30.10 P capacitor and light bulb "A large lelectrolytic capacitor, a light bulb, and a 120 V dc supply in series show a long time constant."
PIRA 1000 5F30.15 P RC time constant on galvanometer
PIRA 500 5F30.20 P RC time constant on scope
PIRA 1000 5F30.50 P series and parallel capacitors
PIRA 1000 5F30.60 P neon relaxation oscillator
5F40.00 C Instruments
PIRA 1000 5F40.10 P sensitivity and resistivity of a galv.
PIRA 1000 5F40.20 P galv. as ammeter and voltmeter
PIRA 1000 5F40.21 P loading by voltmeter
5G00.00 C MAGNETIC MATERIALS
5G10.00 C Magnets
PIRA 500 5G10.10 P magnet assortment
PIRA 1000 5G10.15 P lodestone
PIRA 1000 5G10.16 P lodestone suspended
PIRA 500 5G10.20 P break a magnet
PIRA 1000 5G10.30 P Which is a magnet?
PIRA 1000 5G10.50 P lowest energy configuration of magnets
5G20.00 C Magnet Domains & Magnetization
PIRA 500 5G20.10 P Barkhausen effect
PIRA 500 5G20.20 P ferro-optical garnet
PIRA 200 5G20.30 P magnetic domain model An array of small compass needles shows domain structures.
PIRA 1000 5G20.45 P induced magnetic poles
PIRA 500 5G20.50 P pound iron bar
PIRA 500 5G20.55 P permalloy bar
PIRA 1000 5G20.60 P magnetization by current
PIRA 1000 5G20.61 P magnetization by contact
PIRA 1000 5G20.62 P demagnitization by hammering
PIRA 500 5G20.70 P electromagnet - lift person
PIRA 1000 5G20.71 P electromagnet
PIRA 1000 5G20.72 P large electromagnet
PIRA 1000 5G20.75 P retentivity
5G30.00 C Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism
PIRA 500 5G30.10 P paramagnetism and diamagnetism
PIRA 1000 5G30.15 P pull the sample
PIRA 1000 5G30.20 P paramagnetism of liquid oxygen
5G40.00 C Hysteresis
PIRA 500 5G40.10 P hysteresis loop on scope
PIRA 1000 5G40.50 P hysteresis waste heat
5G45.00 C Magnetostriction and Magnetores
PIRA 1000 5G45.10 P magnetostrictive resonance
PIRA 1000 5G45.30 P magnetostriction of nickel wire
PIRA 1000 5G45.70 P magnetoresistance
5G50.00 C Temperature and Magnetism
PIRA 500 5G50.10 P Curie point
PIRA 1000 5G50.15 P Curie nickel
PIRA 1000 5G50.20 P thermomagnetic motor
PIRA 1000 5G50.25 P dysprosium in liquid nitrogen
PIRA 200 5G50.50 P Meissner effect Cool a superconductor and a magnet floats over it due to magnetic repulsion.
5H00.00 C MAGNETIC FIELDS AND FORCES
5H10.00 C Magnetic Fields
PIRA 500 5H10.10 P magnetic paper clip arrow
PIRA 500 5H10.15 P dip needle
PIRA 200 5H10.20 P Oersted's effect Explore the field around a long wire with a compass needle.
PIRA 200 5H10.30 P magnet and iron filings Sprinkle iron filings on a glass sheet placed on top of a bar magnet.
PIRA 1000 5H10.50 P area of contact
PIRA 1000 5H10.55 P gap and field strength
PIRA 1000 5H10.60 P shunting magnetic flux
PIRA 1000 5H10.61 P magnetic shielding
PIRA 1000 5H10.65 P magnetic screening
5H15.00 C Fields and Currents
PIRA 200 5H15.10 P iron filings around a wire Iron filings are sprinkled around a vertical wire running through the denter of a pexiglass sheet.
PIRA 1000 5H15.13 P right hand rule
PIRA 1000 5H15.15 P Biot-Savart law animation
PIRA 1000 5H15.20 P parallel wires and iron filings
PIRA 1000 5H15.25 P anti-parallel wires and iron filings
PIRA 200 5H15.40 P solenoid and iron filings A solenoid is wound through a peice of plexiglass for use with iron filings on the overhead projector.
PIRA 200 5H15.50 P field of a toroid Iron filings show the field of a toroid which is wound through a sheet of plexiglass.
5H20.00 C Forces on Magnets
PIRA 200 5H20.10 P magnets on a pivot "One magnet is placed on a pivot, the other is used to attract or repel the first."
PIRA 1000 5H20.15 P snap the lines of force
PIRA 500 5H20.20 P levitation magnets
PIRA 1000 5H20.23 P centrally levitating magnets
PIRA 1000 5H20.24 P linearly levitating magnets
PIRA 1000 5H20.30 P inverse square law
PIRA 1000 5H20.35 P inverse square law balance
PIRA 1000 5H20.40 P inverse fourth law - dipoles
PIRA 1000 5H20.50 P inverse seventh law - magnet/iron
5H25.00 C Magnet/Electromagnet Interact.
PIRA 1000 5H25.10 P magnet in a coil
PIRA 1000 5H25.20 P jumping magnet
PIRA 1000 5H25.25 P force on a solenoid core
PIRA 1000 5H25.30 P magnetically suspended globe
5H30.00 C Force on Moving Charges
PIRA 200 5H30.10 P cathode ray tube Deflect the beam in an open CRT with a magnet.
PIRA 1000 5H30.15 P bending an electron beam
PIRA 200 5H30.20 P e/m tube Show the beam of the small e/m tube in Helmholtz coils on tv. A hand held magnet gives a corkscrew.
PIRA 1000 5H30.25 P magnetic mirror
PIRA 1000 5H30.30 P rotating plasma
PIRA 1000 5H30.50 P electromagnetic pump
PIRA 1000 5H30.55 P ion motor
5H40.00 C Force on Current in Wires
PIRA 200 5H40.10 P parallel wires Long vertical parallel wires attract or repel depending on the current direction.
PIRA 200 5H40.15 P interacting coils Two hanging loops attract or repel depending on current direction.
PIRA 500 5H40.20 P pinch effect simulation
PIRA 1000 5H40.23 P filament and magnet with AC/DC
PIRA 1000 5H40.25 P dancing spiral
PIRA 200 5H40.30 P jumping wire A wire is placed in a horseshoe magnet and connected to a battery. The wire jumps out of the magnet.
PIRA 1000 5H40.35 P jumping wire coil
PIRA 1000 5H40.36 P long wire in field
PIRA 500 5H40.40 P current balance
PIRA 500 5H40.50 P Barlow's wheel
PIRA 1000 5H40.70 P Ampere's motor
5H50.00 C Torques on Coils
PIRA 500 5H50.10 P model galvanometer
PIRA 1000 5H50.20 P force on a current loop
PIRA 1000 5H50.25 P short and long coils in field
PIRA 1000 5H50.35 P dipole loop around long wire
PIRA 1000 5H50.45 P spinning coil over magnet
5J00.00 C INDUCTANCE
5J10.00 C Self Inductance
PIRA 500 5J10.10 P inductor assortment
PIRA 500 5J10.20 P back EMF - light bulb
PIRA 1000 5J10.30 P back EMF - spark
5J20.00 C LR Circuits
PIRA 200 5J20.10 P RL time constant on scope Show the RL time constant on a scope.
PIRA 200 5J20.20 P lamps in series or parallel with ind. Hook light bulbs in series with a large electromagnet.
5J30.00 C RLC Circuits - DC
PIRA 500 5J30.10 P RLC ringing
5K00.00 C ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
5K10.00 C Induced Currents and Forces
PIRA 500 5K10.10 P sliding rail
PIRA 500 5K10.15 P "wire, magnet, and galvanometer"
PIRA 1000 5K10.16 P tape head model
PIRA 200 5K10.20 P "induction coil with magnet, galv." A magnet is moved in and out of a coil of wire attached to a galvanometer.
PIRA 1000 5K10.21 P 10/20/40 coils with magnet
PIRA 500 5K10.25 P "coil and lamp, magnet"
PIRA 200 5K10.30 P induction with coils and battery "Attach one coil to a galvanometer, another to a battery and tap switch. Use a core to increase coupling."
PIRA 1000 5K10.40 P induction coils with core
PIRA 1000 5K10.48 P current coupled pendula
PIRA 500 5K10.60 P earth inductor
PIRA 1000 5K10.65 P jumping rope
PIRA 1000 5K10.70 P What does a voltmeter measure?
5K20.00 C Eddy Currents
PIRA 200 5K20.10 P Eddy currents in pendulum "A copper sheet and comb, ring and broken ring are swung through a large electromagnet."
PIRA 1000 5K20.15 P Eddy damped pendulum
PIRA 1000 5K20.20 P falling aluminum sheet
PIRA 200 5K20.25 P magnets in Eddy tubes "Drop a magnet and a dummy in glass and aluminum tubes, then switch. The magnet in Al falls slowly."
PIRA 1000 5K20.26 P Faraday repulsion coil
PIRA 200 5K20.30 P jumping ring A solid aluminum ring on the vertical transformer jumps while a split ring does not.
PIRA 500 5K20.40 P Eddy current levitator
PIRA 1000 5K20.42 P Arago's disk
PIRA 1000 5K20.50 P rotating ball
PIRA 1000 5K20.65 P electromagnetic can breaker
5K30.00 C Transformers
PIRA 500 5K30.10 P wind a transformer
PIRA 1000 5K30.13 P salt water string
PIRA 500 5K30.20 P dissectible transformer/light bulb
PIRA 1000 5K30.30 P vertical transformer
PIRA 1000 5K30.35 P light underwater
PIRA 1000 5K30.40 P weld a nail
PIRA 1000 5K30.60 P reaction of a secondary on primary
5K40.00 C Motors and Generators
PIRA 1000 5K40.10 P DC motor
PIRA 1000 5K40.15 P Faraday motor
PIRA 500 5K40.20 P DC & AC generators on galvanometer
PIRA 500 5K40.25 P DC & AC generators on scope
PIRA 200 5K40.40 P motor/generator A large AC/DC motor/generator has both slip and split rings.
PIRA 1000 5K40.45 P coupled motor/generator
PIRA 200 5K40.80 P hand crank generator Use a hand cranked generator to light an ordinary light bulb.
PIRA 1000 5K40.83 P bicycle generator
PIRA 1000 5K40.85 P generator slowed by load
5L00.00 C AC CIRCUITS
5L10.00 C Impedence
PIRA 500 5L10.10 P inductive choke
PIRA 1000 5L10.20 P capacitive impedance
PIRA 1000 5L10.30 P capacitive reactance
5L20.00 C LCR Circuits - AC
PIRA 500 5L20.10 P RLC - phase differences
PIRA 1000 5L20.18 P driven LRC circuit
PIRA 500 5L20.20 P RLC - resonance
5L30.00 C Filters and Rectifiers
PIRA 500 5L30.10 P bridge rectifier
PIRA 500 5L30.20 P blinky whirligig
5M00.00 C SEMICONDUCTORS AND TUBES
5M10.00 C Semiconductors
PIRA 200 5M10.10 P Hall voltage Measure the transverse potential of a large rectangle of biased N-doped germanium in a magnetic field.
PIRA 1000 5M10.50 P diode
PIRA 1000 5M10.71 P brillouin/compass array
PIRA 1000 5M10.90 P transistor amplifier
5M20.00 C Tubes
PIRA 1000 5M20.10 P glow discharge
PIRA 1000 5M20.20 P special purpose discharge tubes
5N00.00 C ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
5N10.00 C Transmission Lines and Antennas
PIRA 1000 5N10.10 P model transmission line
PIRA 1000 5N10.15 P HV line model
PIRA 1000 5N10.20 P model transmission line - phases
PIRA 500 5N10.40 P reflections in a coax
PIRA 500 5N10.50 P Lecher wires
PIRA 1000 5N10.55 P microwave standing waves
PIRA 500 5N10.60 P radiation from a dipole
5N20.00 C Tesla Coil
PIRA 200 5N20.10 P induction coil The small handheld induction coil.
PIRA 200 5N20.25 P hand held Tesla and lamp Light a fluorescent lamp by touching with a hand held tesla coil.
PIRA 1000 5N20.40 P Tesla coil
PIRA 500 5N20.50 P glowing fluorescent lamp
PIRA 1000 5N20.55 P tesla coil and spinner
PIRA 500 5N20.60 P skin effect
PIRA 1000 5N20.75 P Tesla coil and spinner
PIRA 200 5N20.80 P Tesla coil and pinwheel Place a pinwheel on the secondary of a tesla coil.
5N30.00 C Electromagnetic Spectrum
PIRA 200 5N30.10 P project the spectrum Project white light through a high dispersion prism.
PIRA 500 5N30.30 P microwave transmitter & receiver
PIRA 1000 5N30.50 P IR camera and remote control device
PIRA 1000 5N30.52 P IR control devices
6000.01 C OPTICS
6A00.00 C GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
6A01.00 C Speed of Light
PIRA 200 6A01.10 P speed of light Demonstrate speed of light by the path difference method with a fast pulser and fast oscilloscope.
PIRA 1000 6A01.20 P speed of light - two path
PIRA 1000 6A01.30 P speed of light - rotating mirror
6A02.10 C 02. Straight Line Propagation
PIRA 1000 6A02.10 P light in a vacuum
PIRA 1000 6A02.15 P straight line propagation - shadows
PIRA 1000 6A02.35 P chalk dust
6A10.00 C Reflection From Flat Surfaces
PIRA 500 6A10.10 P blackboard optics - plane mirror
PIRA 1000 6A10.11 P optical disk with flat mirror
PIRA 500 6A10.15 P laser and flat mirror
PIRA 1000 6A10.18 P microwave reflection
PIRA 500 6A10.20 P diffuse and specular reflection
PIRA 1000 6A10.22 P aluminum foil reflection
PIRA 1000 6A10.25 P ripple tank reflection
PIRA 500 6A10.30 P corner cube
PIRA 1000 6A10.31 P large corner cube
PIRA 1000 6A10.37 P parity reversal in a mirror
PIRA 500 6A10.40 P angled mirrors
PIRA 500 6A10.45 P parallel mirrors
PIRA 500 6A10.50 P full view mirror
PIRA 500 6A10.60 P cold candle
PIRA 1000 6A10.65 P half silvered mirror box
6A20.00 C Reflection from Curved Surfaces
PIRA 1000 6A20.10 P blackboard optics - curved mirrors
PIRA 1000 6A20.11 P optical disc with curved mirrors
PIRA 500 6A20.15 P parallel lasers and curved mirrors
PIRA 1000 6A20.20 P spherical abberation in a mirror
PIRA 500 6A20.30 P mirror & rose
PIRA 1000 6A20.35 P optic mirage
PIRA 500 6A20.40 P projected arrow with mirror
PIRA 1000 6A20.41 P projected filament with mirror
PIRA 500 6A20.45 P convex and concave mirrors
PIRA 1000 6A20.60 P energy at a focal point
6A40.00 C Refractive Index
PIRA 500 6A40.10 P apparent depth with TV
PIRA 500 6A40.20 P count fringes
PIRA 500 6A40.30 P Cheshire cat
PIRA 1000 6A40.40 P variable index of refraction tank
PIRA 1000 6A40.45 P mirage
PIRA 1000 6A40.50 P "oil, water, laser"
PIRA 1000 6A40.60 P Schlieren image
PIRA 1000 6A40.70 P short beer
6A42.00 C Refraction at Flat Surfaces
PIRA 500 6A42.10 P blackboard optics - refraction
PIRA 1000 6A42.11 P optical disk with glass block
PIRA 200 6A42.20 P refraction tank Rotate a beam of light in a tank of water containing some fluorescein.
PIRA 1000 6A42.21 P Nakamara refraction tank
PIRA 1000 6A42.30 P refraction model - rolling
PIRA 1000 6A42.35 P ripple tank refraction
PIRA 500 6A42.40 P penny in a cup
PIRA 1000 6A42.43 P light in a tank
PIRA 500 6A42.45 P stick in the water
PIRA 1000 6A42.47 P acrylic/lead glass refraction
PIRA 1000 6A42.50 P minimum angle of deviation
PIRA 1000 6A42.51 P three prism stack
PIRA 1000 6A42.55 P paraffin prism and microwaves
6A44.00 C Total Internal Reflection
PIRA 200 6A44.10 P blackboard optics Multiple beams of light pass through large scale optical elements.
PIRA 1000 6A44.11 P "optical disk with prism, semicircle"
PIRA 500 6A44.20 P big plastic refraction tank
PIRA 1000 6A44.25 P Snell's wheel
PIRA 1000 6A44.30 P ripple tank total int. ref.
PIRA 200 6A44.40 P laser and fiber optics Shine a laser into a curved plastic rod.
PIRA 1000 6A44.41 P optical path in fibers
PIRA 1000 6A44.42 P steal the signal
PIRA 1000 6A44.45 P water stream and light pipe
PIRA 200 6A44.50 P light below surface An underwater light illuminates powder on the surface of water to form a central spot of light.
PIRA 1000 6A44.55 P black ball turns silver
6A46.00 C Rainbow
PIRA 500 6A46.10 P rainbow
PIRA 1000 6A46.20 P rainbow model
PIRA 1000 6A46.30 P optical disc with spherical lens
6A60.00 C Thin Lens
PIRA 500 6A60.10 P blackboard optics - thin lens
PIRA 1000 6A60.11 P optical disk with thin lens
PIRA 500 6A60.15 P ripple tank convex lens
PIRA 1000 6A60.16 P ripple tank concave lens
PIRA 500 6A60.20 P parallel lasers and lenses
PIRA 200 6A60.30 P thin lens projection Project the filament of a lamp with a thin lens.
PIRA 1000 6A60.31 P projected arrow with lens
PIRA 1000 6A60.35 P lens magnification
PIRA 1000 6A60.45 P position of virtual image
PIRA 500 6A60.50 P pinholes projected with a lens
PIRA 1000 6A60.60 P paraffin lens and microwaves
6A61.00 C Pinhole
PIRA 1000 6A61.10 P pinhole projection
PIRA 500 6A61.20 P pinhole camera
6A65.00 C Thick Lens
PIRA 500 6A65.10 P improving an image with a stop
PIRA 1000 6A65.15 P optical disc - circular glass plate
PIRA 500 6A65.20 P chromatic aberration
PIRA 500 6A65.30 P barrel and pincushion distortion
PIRA 1000 6A65.31 P off axis distortion
PIRA 1000 6A65.35 P astigmatism and distortion
PIRA 500 6A65.40 P spherical aberration
PIRA 1000 6A65.52 P fillable air lens
PIRA 1000 6A65.70 P Frensel lens
6A70.00 C Optical Instruments
PIRA 500 6A70.10 P microscope model
PIRA 500 6A70.20 P telescope models
PIRA 500 6A70.30 P camera model
PIRA 1000 6A70.35 P projector model
6B00.00 C PHOTOMETRY
6B10.00 C Luminosity
PIRA 500 6B10.10 P checker board
PIRA 200 6B10.15 P inverse square model "A wire frame pyramid connects areas of 1, 4, and 16 units."
PIRA 1000 6B10.20 P inverse square law with photometer
PIRA 500 6B10.30 P paraffin block photometer
PIRA 1000 6B10.35 P grease spot photometer
PIRA 1000 6B10.40 P Rumford shadow photometer
PIRA 1000 6B10.50 P frosted globe - surface brightness
PIRA 1000 6B10.55 P frosted globes
6B30.00 C Radation Pressure
PIRA 1000 6B30.10 P radiometer - quartz fiber
6B40.00 C Blackbodies
PIRA 200 6B40.10 P variac and light bulb Vary the voltage to a 1 KW light bulb with a variac to show color change with temperature.
PIRA 500 6B40.20 P hole in a box
PIRA 1000 6B40.25 P carbon block
PIRA 1000 6B40.26 P carbon rod
PIRA 1000 6B40.40 P X-Y spectrum recorder
PIRA 1000 6B40.41 P IR spectrum on galvanometer
PIRA 1000 6B40.45 P IR camera and projected spectrum
PIRA 1000 6B40.50 P IR camera and soldering iron
PIRA 1000 6B40.55 P project sprectrum and change temperature
6C00.00 C DIFFRACTION
6C10.00 C Diffraction Through One Slit
PIRA 200 6C10.10 P single slit and laser Shine a laser beam through single slits of various sizes.
PIRA 1000 6C10.12 P Cornell plate - single slit
PIRA 200 6C10.15 P adjustable slit and laser Shine a laser beam through an adjustable slit.
PIRA 1000 6C10.20 P two finger slit
PIRA 1000 6C10.30 P slit on photodiode array
PIRA 1000 6C10.50 P microwave diffraction
6C20.00 C Diffraction Around Objects
PIRA 200 6C20.10 P Arago's (Poisson's) spot Shine a laser beam at a small ball and look at the diffraction pattern.
PIRA 500 6C20.15 P knife edge diffraction
PIRA 500 6C20.20 P thin wire diffraction
PIRA 1000 6C20.22 P shadow of a needle
PIRA 500 6C20.30 P pinhole diffraction
PIRA 1000 6C20.40 P zone plate lens
6D00.00 C INTERFERENCE
6D10.00 C Interference From Two Sources
PIRA 1000 6D10.05 P interference model
PIRA 200 6D10.10 P double slit and laser Shine a laser beam through double slits of different widths and spacing.
PIRA 1000 6D10.11 P Cornell plate - two slit
PIRA 1000 6D10.15 P double slit on X-Y recorder
PIRA 1000 6D10.17 P double slit on photo diode array
PIRA 1000 6D10.20 P microwave two slit interference
PIRA 1000 6D10.25 P microwave two source interference
PIRA 1000 6D10.35 P ripple tank incoherence
6D15.00 C Interference of Polarized Light
6D20.00 C Gratings
PIRA 200 6D20.10 P number of slits Shine a laser beam through various numbers of slits with the same spacing.
PIRA 500 6D20.15 P gratings and laser
PIRA 500 6D20.20 P projected spectra with grating
PIRA 500 6D20.50 P crossed gratings and laser
PIRA 500 6D20.55 P two dimensional gratings and laser
PIRA 1000 6D20.56 P regular and irregular patterns
PIRA 1000 6D20.59 P random multiple gratings
6D30.00 C Thin Films
PIRA 200 6D30.10 P Newton's rings Reflect white light off Newton's rings onto the wall.
PIRA 200 6D30.20 P soap film interference Reflect white light off a soap film onto a screen.
PIRA 500 6D30.30 P air wedge
PIRA 500 6D30.40 P Pohl's mica sheet
PIRA 1000 6D30.60 P interference filters
6D40.00 C Interferometers
PIRA 200 6D40.10 P Michelson interferometer Use a Michelson interferometer with either laser or white light.
PIRA 1000 6D40.15 P interference fringes with audio
PIRA 500 6D40.20 P microwave interferometer
6F00.00 C COLOR
6F10.00 C Synthesis and Analysis of Color
PIRA 500 6F10.10 P color box
PIRA 500 6F10.20 P color filters
PIRA 1000 6F10.25 P spinning color disc
PIRA 1000 6F10.30 P recombining the spectrum
PIRA 1000 6F10.33 P purity of the spectrum
PIRA 1000 6F10.45 P complementary shadow
PIRA 1000 6F10.50 P filtered spectrum
PIRA 1000 6F10.55 P band absorption spectra
PIRA 1000 6F10.75 P colors in spectral light
6F30.00 C Dispersion
PIRA 1000 6F30.10 P dispersion curve of a prism
6F40.00 C Scattering
PIRA 200 6F40.10 P sunset Pass abeam of white light through a tank of water with scattering centers from a solution of oil in alcohol.
PIRA 1000 6F40.20 P optical ceramics scattering
PIRA 1000 6F40.50 P microwave scattering
6H00.00 C POLARIZATION
6H10.00 C Dichroic Polarization
PIRA 200 6H10.10 P polaroids on the overhead Show polarization with two sheets of polaroid and a pair of sunglasses on an overhead projector.
PIRA 200 6H10.20 P microwave polarization Hold a grid of parallel wires in a microwave beam and rotate the grid.
PIRA 500 6H10.30 P polarization - mechanical model
PIRA 1000 6H10.40 P polaroids cut at 45 degrees
6H20.00 C Polarization by Reflection
PIRA 200 6H20.10 P Brewster's angle Rotate a polariod filter in a beam that reflects at Brewster's angle off a glass onto a screen.
PIRA 1000 6H20.15 P microwave Brewster's angle
PIRA 500 6H20.20 P polarization by double reflection
PIRA 1000 6H20.30 P Brewster's cone
PIRA 500 6H20.40 P stack of plates
6H30.00 C Circular Polarization
PIRA 500 6H30.10 P three Polaroids
PIRA 500 6H30.30 P barber pole
PIRA 200 6H30.40 P Karo syrup Insert a tube of liquid sugar between crossed polaroids.
PIRA 1000 6H30.70 P microwave optical rotation
PIRA 1000 6H30.80 P Faraday rotation
6H35.00 C Birefringence
PIRA 200 6H35.10 P two calcite crystals Use a second calcite crystal to show the polarization of the ordinary and extraordinary rays.
PIRA 1000 6H35.15 P calcite and Polaroid on OH
PIRA 1000 6H35.17 P plexiglass birefringence
PIRA 500 6H35.40 P quarter wave plate
PIRA 1000 6H35.45 P half wave plate
PIRA 200 6H35.50 P stress plastic A set of plastic shapes are bent between crossed polariods.
PIRA 1000 6H35.53 P butterfly. etc.
PIRA 500 6H35.55 P cellophane between polarizers
PIRA 1000 6H35.65 P LCD ellement between polaroids
6H50.00 C Polarization by Scattering
PIRA 500 6H50.10 P sunset with polarizers
PIRA 1000 6H50.30 P depolarization by diffuse reflection
PIRA 1000 6H50.90 P Haidinger's brush
6J00.00 C THE EYE
6J10.00 C The Eye
PIRA 500 6J10.10 P eye model
PIRA 1000 6J10.30 P blind spot
PIRA 1000 6J10.40 P inversion of image of retina
PIRA 1000 6J10.80 P resolving power of the eye
PIRA 1000 6J10.81 P resolving power with TV
6J11.00 C Physiology
PIRA 1000 6J11.10 P retinal fatigue - color disc
PIRA 1000 6J11.20 P visual fatigue
PIRA 1000 6J11.30 P persistence of vision
PIRA 1000 6J11.50 P impossible triangles
PIRA 1000 6J11.70 P color blindness
6P00.00 C LASERS - MOVE TO 9B62.XX
6Q00.00 C MODERN OPTICS
6Q10.00 C Holography
PIRA 200 6Q10.10 P holograms Show a hologram.
PIRA 1000 6Q10.20 P in class holograms
PIRA 1000 6Q12.10 P Abbe demonstrations
6Q20.00 C Physical Optics
7000 C MODERN PHYSICS
7A00.00 C QUANTUM EFFECTS
7A10.00 C Photoelectric Effect
PIRA 200 7A10.10 P photoelectric effect in zinc Use UV light to discharge a clean zinc plate mounted on an electroscope.
PIRA 1000 7A10.12 P photoelectric charging
PIRA 1000 7A10.15 P discovery of the photoelectric effect
PIRA 500 7A10.30 P stopping potential
PIRA 1000 7A10.35 P photoelectric threshold
PIRA 1000 7A10.40 P solar cells
PIRA 1000 7A10.50 P photo conduction vs. thermopile
PIRA 1000 7A10.60 P carrier recombination and lifetime
7A15.00 C Millikan Oil Drop
PIRA 1000 7A15.10 P Millikan oil drop
PIRA 1000 7A15.20 P Millikan oil drop model
7A20.00 C Compton Effect
PIRA 500 7A20.10 P Compton effect on MCA
7A50.00 C Wave Mechanics
PIRA 500 7A50.10 P optical barrier penetration
PIRA 500 7A50.20 P microwave barrier penetration
PIRA 1000 7A50.30 P vibrating soap film
PIRA 200 7A50.40 P vibrating circular wire Excite a circular wire at audio frequencies by an electromagnet drive to produce standing waves.
PIRA 1000 7A50.50 P complementary rule
PIRA 1000 7A50.90 P Mermin's Bell theorem boxes
7A55.00 C Particle/Wave Duality
PIRA 1000 7A55.10 P wave/particle sound analogy
PIRA 1000 7A55.15 P wave/particle model with dice
PIRA 1000 7A55.20 P single photon interference
7A60.00 C X-ray and Electron Diffraction
PIRA 200 7A60.10 P electron diffraction Rings or spots are shown with the old Welch electron diffraction tube.
PIRA 500 7A60.15 P Miller indices
PIRA 1000 7A60.20 P diffraction model
PIRA 1000 7A60.30 P "electron ""Poisson spot"""
PIRA 1000 7A60.40 P field emmission electron microscope
PIRA 500 7A60.50 P microwave Bragg diffraction
PIRA 1000 7A60.60 P ripple tank Bragg diffraction
PIRA 1000 7A60.90 P x-ray diffraction
PIRA 1000 7A60.95 P sample x-ray tube
7A70.00 C Condensed Matter
PIRA 1000 7A70.10 P Josephson junction analog
PIRA 1000 7A70.20 P Josephson effect simple demo
PIRA 1000 7A70.30 P F-center diffusion
7B00.00 C ATOMIC PHYSICS
7B10.00 C Spectra
PIRA 200 7B10.10 P line spectra and student gratings Have students view line sources through replica gratings.
PIRA 1000 7B10.10 P student gratings and line sources
PIRA 1000 7B10.15 P line spectra with large grating
PIRA 1000 7B10.20 P project spectral lines
7B11.00 C Absorption
PIRA 500 7B11.10 P sodium absorption/emission
PIRA 1000 7B11.17 P flame salts
PIRA 500 7B11.20 P spectral absorption by sodium
PIRA 1000 7B11.25 P flame absorption projected
PIRA 1000 7B11.30 P mercury vapor shadow
7B13.00 C Resonsance Radiation
PIRA 1000 7B13.05 P triboluminescence
PIRA 500 7B13.10 P iodine resonance radiation
PIRA 1000 7B13.20 P sodium vapor beam
PIRA 1000 7B13.40 P UV spectrum by fluorescence
PIRA 500 7B13.50 P fluorescence and phosphorescence
PIRA 1000 7B13.55 P luminescence
7B20.00 C Fine splitting
PIRA 500 7B20.10 P Zeeman splitting with mercury
PIRA 1000 7B20.15 P Zeeman - sodium flame in magnet
PIRA 500 7B20.20 P Stern-Gerlach
PIRA 1000 7B20.25 P Stern-Gerlach crystal model
PIRA 500 7B20.30 P ESR - low field
PIRA 500 7B20.40 P Mossbauer
PIRA 1000 7B20.45 P Mossbauer model
7B30.00 C Ionization Potential
PIRA 1000 7B30.10 P ionization potential of mercury
PIRA 500 7B30.20 P Frank-Hertz
PIRA 1000 7B30.40 P excited states model
7B35.00 C Electron Properties
PIRA 1000 7B35.10 P discharge at low pressures
PIRA 1000 7B35.40 P Maltese cross
PIRA 1000 7B35.50 P paddle wheel
PIRA 1000 7B35.75 P plasma tube
7B50.00 C Atomic Models
PIRA 500 7B50.10 P electron orbital models
PIRA 500 7B50.50 P periodic chart
7D00.00 C NUCLEAR PHYSICS
7D10.00 C Radioactivity
PIRA 200 7D10.10 P gieger counter & samples Listen to a Geiger counter when radioactive samples are tested.
PIRA 1000 7D10.15 P coin flip half life
PIRA 1000 7D10.20 P half life with isotope generator
PIRA 1000 7D10.25 P radon in the air
PIRA 1000 7D10.30 P contamination by neutron source
PIRA 500 7D10.40 P secular equilibrium
PIRA 1000 7D10.45 P electrical analog of decay
PIRA 1000 7D10.50 P dice on the overhead
PIRA 1000 7D10.55 P coin toss half life
PIRA 500 7D10.60 P range and absorption
PIRA 1000 7D10.80 P cosmic rays
7D20.00 C Nuclear Reactions
PIRA 500 7D20.10 P mousetraps
PIRA 1000 7D20.15 P match chain reactions
PIRA 1000 7D20.20 P dominoes chain reaction
7D30.00 C Particle Detectors
PIRA 1000 7D30.05 P Ludlum Detectors
PIRA 1000 7D30.10 P nixie Geiger counter
PIRA 1000 7D30.15 P thermal neutron detector
PIRA 500 7D30.20 P alpha detector
PIRA 1000 7D30.25 P spark chamber
PIRA 500 7D30.50 P Wilson cloud chamber
PIRA 200 7D30.60 P diffusion cloud chambers Dry ice diffusion cloud chambers.
PIRA 500 7D30.80 P bubble chamber photographs
7D40.00 C NMR
PIRA 1000 7D40.10 P NMR gyro model
PIRA 500 7D40.30 P spin echo spectrometer
7D50.00 C Models of the Nucleus
PIRA 500 7D50.10 P Rutherford scattering
PIRA 1000 7D50.20 P Rutherford scattering animation
PIRA 1000 7D50.30 P Thompson model
PIRA 1000 7D50.46 P mass defect
7E00.00 C ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
7E10.00 C Misc.
PIRA 500 7E10.10 P fundamental particles chart
PIRA 1000 7E10.15 P fundamental particles software
7F00.00 C RELATIVITY
7F10.00 C Special Relativity
PIRA 1000 7F10.10 P Lorentz transformation machine
PIRA 1000 7F10.20 P flow ripple tank - twin source
PIRA 1000 7F10.25 P foam rubber roller
PIRA 500 7F10.60 P Lorentz Transformation
PIRA 500 7F10.65 P Hewitt Film
PIRA 1000 7F10.66 P Majestic clockwork
7F20.00 C General Relativity
8000 C ASTRONOMY
8A00.00 C PLANETARY ASTRONOMY
8A10.00 C Solar system Mechanics
PIRA 200 8A10.10 P Orrery model A mechanical model of the inner planets.
PIRA 500 8A10.15 P day & night
PIRA 1000 8A10.20 P local zenith
PIRA 200 8A10.25 P phases of the moon View a ball illuminated by a distant light with a tv camera as the angle between the ball and light varies.
PIRA 500 8A10.30 P eclipse models
PIRA 1000 8A10.40 P pinhead earth
PIRA 1000 8A10.50 P horizon astronomy model
PIRA 1000 8A10.51 P Cinhelium
PIRA 200 8A10.55 P retrograde motion model Two balls connected with a rod fixed through one ball and sliding through the other orbit on common ficus.
PIRA 1000 8A10.65 P comet orbit
PIRA 200 8A10.80 P celestial sphere A simple model celestial sphere is made from a round bottom flask. Pictures.
8A20.00 C Planetary Geology
PIRA 1000 8A20.10 P globes
PIRA 500 8A30.10 P cratering
8B00.00 C STELLAR ASTRONOMY
8B10.00 C Misc.
PIRA 1000 8B10.10 P variable star simulation
PIRA 1000 8B10.20 P stellar magnitude simulator
PIRA 1000 8B10.40 P forward and backward scattering
PIRA 500 8B10.50 P supernova core bounce
PIRA 1000 8B10.60 P pulsar recording
PIRA 1000 8B10.65 P pulsar model
8C00.00 C COSMOLOGY
8C10.00 C Models of the Universe
PIRA 200 8C10.10 P expanding universe Pull a rubber hose threaded through five large styrofoam balls.
PIRA 1000 8C10.11 P expanding universe on white board
PIRA 1000 8C10.15 P inflating balloon
PIRA 1000 8C10.20 P bubble universe
PIRA 1000 8C10.30 P galaxy model
PIRA 1000 8C10.40 P Klein bottle
PIRA 1000 8C10.45 P Moebius strip
PIRA 1000 8C10.50 P saddle shape
8C20.00 C Black Holes
PIRA 1000 8C20.10 P black hole surface
PIRA 500 8C20.20 P membrane table
PIRA 500 8C20.40 P gravitational lens
PIRA 500 8C20.45 P galactic lens
9A00.00 C FACILITY
9A10.00 C Blackboard Tools
PIRA 1000 9A10.10 P compass
PIRA 1000 9A10.12 P protractor
PIRA 1000 9A10.31 P angle templates
PIRA 1000 9A10.35 P sine wave templates
9A20.00 C Audio
PIRA 1000 9A20.10 P wireless microphone
PIRA 1000 9A20.11 P multiple wireless mirophones
PIRA 1000 9A20.15 P cord microphone
PIRA 1000 9A20.16 P multiple cord microphones
PIRA 1000 9A20.20 P CD player
PIRA 1000 9A20.30 P audio cassette
PIRA 1000 9A20.40 P phonograph
PIRA 1000 9A20.50 P reel to reel
9A30.00 C Slide Projectors
PIRA 1000 9A30.05 P mobile screen
PIRA 1000 9A30.10 P 35 mm projector
PIRA 1000 9A30.11 P two 35 mm projectors
PIRA 1000 9A30.15 P 35 mm to go
PIRA 1000 9A30.20 P lantern projector
9A34.00 C Film Projectors
PIRA 1000 9A34.10 P 16 mm projector
PIRA 1000 9A34.20 P film loop projector
PIRA 1000 9A34.30 P super 8 projector
PIRA 1000 9A34.35 P 8 mm projector
PIRA 1000 9A34.40 P film strip projector
9A36.00 C Overhead Projectors
PIRA 1000 9A36.10 P overhead projector
PIRA 1000 9A36.15 P two OH projectors
PIRA 1000 9A36.30 P write on film rolls
9A38.00 C Video & Computer Projection
PIRA 1000 9A38.10 P TV table (color)
PIRA 1000 9A38.11 P TV table (B&W)
PIRA 1000 9A38.15 P tripod TV (color)
PIRA 1000 9A38.16 P tripod TV (B&W)
PIRA 1000 9A38.17 P tripod TV (IR)
PIRA 1000 9A38.20 P video projector
PIRA 1000 9A38.21 P LCD panel
PIRA 1000 9A38.22 P color LCD panel
PIRA 1000 9A38.25 P classroom monitors
PIRA 1000 9A38.26 P monitor on cart
PIRA 1000 9A38.30 P video disc
PIRA 1000 9A38.40 P VHS tape deck
PIRA 1000 9A38.45 P "3/4"" tape deck"
PIRA 1000 9A38.50 P IBM clone
PIRA 1000 9A38.65 P Mac
9A40.00 C Photography
9A50.00 C "X-Y, Chart Recorders"
9A60.00 C Buildings
9A65.00 C Museums
9A70.00 C Resource Books
9A73.00 C Unclassified Demonstrations
9A75.00 C Philosophy
9A80.00 C Films
9A85.00 C Computer Programs
9B00.00 C ELECTRONIC
9B10.00 C Timers
9B15.00 C Position and Velocity Detectors
9B17.00 C Sources of Sound
9B18.00 C Sound Detectors
9B20.00 C Circuits/Components/Inst.
9B30.00 C Function Generators
9B37.00 C Oscilloscopes
9B40.00 C Advanced Instruments
9B50.00 C Power Supplies
9B60.00 C Light Sources
PIRA 1000 9B60.10 P eosin mister
9B61.00 C Light Paths Made Visible
9B62.00 C Lasers
9B65.00 C Microwave Apparatus
9B90.00 C Computer Interface
9C00.00 C MECHANICAL
9C10.00 C Motors
9C20.00 C Pumps
9C25.00 C Vacuum
9C30.00 C Air Support
9C35.00 C Ripple Tank
9C40.00 C Other
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